Publication: Dosing-time, feeding, and sex-dependent variations of everolimus pharmacokinetics in mice
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Date
2024-01-01
Authors
ÖZTÜRK CİVELEK, DİLEK
GAZİOĞLU, IŞIL
Authors
ÖZTÜRK CİVELEK D.
ÖZTÜRK SEYHAN N.
AKYEL Y. K.
Gazioglu I.
PALA KARA Z.
Orman M. N.
OKYAR A.
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Abstract
Background: Everolimus is an oral mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor used as an immunosuppressant and anticancer. Its pharmacokinetics is highly variable, it has a narrow therapeutic window and shows chronotoxicity with the best time at ZT13 and worst time at ZT1 (ZT; Zeitgeber time, time after light onset) in the preclinical setting. Objectives: In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether the pharmacokinetics of everolimus vary according to dosing time and whether sex and feeding status interfere with the chronopharmacokinetics. Method: A single dosage of 5 mg/kg everolimus was administered orally to C57BL/6J male and female mice, in fed or fasted states at ZT1-rest and ZT13-activity times and blood and tissue samples were collected at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 12, and 24 h following drug administration. Ileum, liver, plasma, and thymus concentrations of everolimus were determined. Results: Females had a greater ileum AUC0–24h than males when fed (P = 0.043). Everolimus AUC0–24h in the liver was substantially greater at ZT1 than at ZT13 in a fasted state (P = 0.001). Plasma Cmax, AUC0–24h, and AUCtotal were not statistically significant between the groups (P = 0.098). In one of the target organs of everolimus, the thymus, males had considerably higher amounts at ZT1 than females (P = 0.029). Conclusion: Our findings imply that the pharmacokinetics of everolimus in mice may differ according to dosing time, sex, and feeding. Greater tissue distribution of everolimus at ZT1 may be associated with the worst tolerated time of everolimus. Our research suggests that oral chronomodulated everolimus therapy may be more effective and safer for cancer patients.
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Keywords
Eczacılık, Temel Eczacılık Bilimleri, Yaşam Bilimleri, Sağlık Bilimleri, Temel Bilimler, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Basic Pharmaceutics Sciences, Life Sciences, Health Sciences, Natural Sciences, Yaşam Bilimleri (LIFE), Farmakoloji ve Toksikoloji, FARMAKOLOJİ VE ECZACILIK, Life Sciences (LIFE), PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY, PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY, Farmakoloji, Farmakoloji (tıbbi), Pharmacology, Pharmacology (medical), chronomodulated chemotherapy, chronopharmacokinetics, everolimus, fed/fasted, sex difference
Citation
ÖZTÜRK CİVELEK D., ÖZTÜRK SEYHAN N., AKYEL Y. K., Gazioglu I., PALA KARA Z., Orman M. N., OKYAR A., "Dosing-time, feeding, and sex-dependent variations of everolimus pharmacokinetics in mice", Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology, 2024