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Comparison of surgical approaches to the hippocampal formation with artificial intelligence
(2025-12-01) DÜNDAR T. T.; KURT PEHLİVANOĞLU M.; EKER A. G.; Albayrak N. B.; Mutluer A. S.; YURTSEVER İ.; DOĞAN İ.; Duru N.; Ture U.
The relatively complex functional anatomy of the mediobasal temporal region makes surgical approaches to this area challenging. Several studies describe various surgical approaches, along with their combinations and modifications, to reach lesions of this region. Some of these surgical approaches have been compared using artificial intelligence-based approaches that can be predicted, classified, and analyzed for complex data. Several surgical approaches, such as anterior transsylvian, trans-superior temporal sulcus, trans-middle temporal gyrus, subtemporal-transparahippocampal, presigmoid-retrolabyrinthine, supratentorial-infraoccipital, and paramedian supracerebellar-transtentorial, were selected for comparison. Magnetic resonance images (MRIs) were taken according to the criteria specified by the Radiology Department. With an open-source software tool, volumetric data from cranial MRIs were segmented and anatomical structures in the main regions were reconstructed. The Q-learning algorithm was used to find pathways similar to these standard surgical pathways. The Q-learning scores among the selected pathways are as follows: anterior transsylvian (Q_A) = 31.01, trans-superior temporal sulcus (Q_B) = 25.00, trans-middle temporal gyrus (Q_C) = 28.92, subtemporal-transparahippocampal (Q_D) = 23.51, presigmoid- retrolabyrinthine (Q_E) = 27.54, supratentorial-infraoccipital (Q_F) = 27.2, and paramedian supracerebellar-transtentorial (Q _G) = 21.04. The Q-value score for the supracerebellar transtentorial approach was the highest among the examined approaches and therefore optimal. A difference was also found between the total risk score of all points with pathways drawn by clinicians and the total risk scores of the pathways formed and followed by Q-learning. Artificial intelligence-based approaches may significantly contribute to the success of the surgical approaches examined. Furthermore, artificial intelligence can contribute to clinical outcomes in both preoperative surgical planning and intraoperative technical equipment-assisted neurosurgery. However, further studies with more detailed data are needed for more sensitive results.
Comparison of conventional and modified sling suture techniques in free gingival graft operations-a randomized controlled clinical trial
(2025-12-01) SHAKILIYEVA S.; Sahin D.; GÜNPINAR Ş.; GÜRSEL M.
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of conventional suture (CS) and modified sling suture (MSS) techniques, applied in free gingival graft (FGG) surgery using gingival unit graft (GUT) and conventional graft (CG) techniques, on clinical parameters and graft dimensions. Methods 52 individuals having Cairo Type 2 (RT2) and Type 3 (RT3) gingival recessions in mandibular anterior were divided into four groups as (a) GUT + MSS (n = 13), (b) GUT + CS (n = 13), (c) CG + MSS (n = 13) and (d) CG + CS (n = 13). Keratinized tissue width (KTW), relative gingival recession height (rGRH), and relative vestibule depth (rVD) measurements were recorded using a digital caliper and UNC 15 periodontal probe. Dimensional changes (Delta) of the graft surface area (GSA) was determined by ImageJ software. All measurements were done at baseline, 1st and 3rd months. Results It was determined that the increase in KTW in the 1st and 3rd months in GUT + CS group was significantly higher than GUT + MSS group (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in Delta rVD and Delta rGRH values between the groups. When Delta GSA (mm2) values were compared between the groups, the decrease in the 1st and 3rd months in the CG + MSS group was found to be significantly higher than the GUT + MSS and GUT + CS groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that keratinized tissue can be obtained successfully with both GUT or CG techniques in FGG surgery, on the other hand, regardless of the suture technique, GUT showed less graft shrinkage than CG.
Monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychosis presenting with recurrent oral mucosal ulcers and multiple skin lesions and responding to olanzapine treatment.
(2025-10-22) Ergün S.
Monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychosis presenting with recurrent oral mucosal ulcers and multiple skin lesions and responding to olanzapine treatment
Sustainable signal processing spectrophotometric analysis of candesartan, hydrochlorothiazide, and amlodipine: Green methods aligned with global sustainability goals
(2025-10-05) Lotfy H. M.; TIRIS G.; Genc A. A.; Obaydo R. H.; ERK N.
Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) aims to create eco-friendly methods for pharmaceutical analysis, with a focus on quality control. This study focuses on the simultaneous quantification of candesartan (CAN), hydrochlorothiazide (HCT), and amlodipine (AML) in a triple medication using two green spectrophotometric techniques. The study incorporates mathematical manipulation approaches to extract the parent spectrum of each drug component. These integrated methods address the problem of spectral signal overlap without requiring prior separation, utilizing a factorized spectrum (FS), which is notable for its capacity to assess the specified drugs in the mixture and retrieve their original zero-order spectra it is distinctive for its ability to evaluate the mentioned drugs within the mixture and recover their initial zero-order spectra. The first integrated resolution technique, the Integrated signal processing plan (ISPP-D0), was applied to the mixture\"s zero-order spectrum, including successive manipulation of three methods: extended absorbance difference, absorbance resolution, and spectrum subtraction. The second integrated resolution technique is the Integrated signal processing plan (ISPP-R)via ratio spectrum of the mixture, which includes successive manipulation of three methods: dual amplitude difference, ratio extraction, and spectrum subtraction. The proposed methods were validated and assessed following the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines, showing linear concentration ranges of 5.0–35.0 µg/mL for CAN at 254.0 nm, 2.0–20.0 µg/mL for HCT at 270.0 nm, and 5.0–35.0 µg/mL for AML at 240.0 nm. The specificity was evaluated by accurately and precisely determining the concentrations of the three drugs in their synthetic blends and single-tablet pharmaceutical formulation. The findings were statistically analyzed against the official results using the F-test and Student\"s t-test, indicating no notable differences. These UV spectrophotometric techniques align with green analytical chemistry (GAC) and white analytical chemistry (WAC) principles, supporting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs). These integrated analytical techniques for drug analysis offer enhanced precision and efficiency, enabling the retrieval of zero-order spectra that serve as unique fingerprints for each analyte. These advancements simplify the identification process, improve accuracy, and ensure reliable results, making them invaluable in pharmaceutical research and quality control.
Development of eco-friendly sensitive HPLC method for determination of Letrozole and assessment of validation
(2025-08-01) Lotfy H. M.; Genc A. A.; BAY M.; TIRIS G.; Obaydo R. H.; ERK N.
The greening of analytical methods has gained interest in the field of quantitative analysis to reduce environmental impact and improve analyst\"s safety and health. For postmenopausal women with hormone-responsive advanced breast cancer, Letrozole (LTZ) has been a standard first-line endocrine therapy A green HPLC method was developed, optimized, validated, and applied for quantification of the LTZ in tablets. Experiments were conducted on the Inertsil ODS- 3® C18 (5 µm, 150 × 4.6 mm). An isocratic elution was applied using a mobile phase consisting of ethanol: water (50:50, v/v). A wavelength of 230.0 nm was chosen for the analysis. An experiment was finished 3.0 mins. Calibration graphs for each drug were rectilinear in the range of 0.1 – 40.0 µg/mL. Validation studies were carried out based on International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) recommendations. The student (t) test for means and the (F) test for standard deviations were used to compare the results. In this study, we utilized the ChlorTox Scale, Greenness Index, AGREE, GAPI, and NQS Indicator to comprehensively evaluate the environmental, safety, and sustainability aspects of analytical methodology, aligning our approach with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It can be applied to quality control, bioequivalence studies, and routine analysis.