Çevresel ve Genetik Etkiler Altında Alzheimer Hastalığının İncelenmesi

Abstract

Alzheimer-s disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss, which occurs as a result of damage to our central nervous system, consisting of the brain and spinal cord, due to many hereditary and environmental factors. Many factors such as amyloid beta accumulation, glutamate excitotoxicity, tau proteins, neurofibrillary tangles, synapse-neuron loss are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer-s disease. Prolonged exposure to some heavy metals such as inflammation, oxidative stress, pesticides, insulin resistance, cholesterol, aluminum and mercury increases the risk of developing the disease. In addition, carrying the apolipoprotein E4 gene is one of the risk factors. This situation shows us that Alzheimer-s does not only occur with aging, but also environmental factors have a great effect on the formation of Alzheimer-s disease. There is no definitive nutritional model that completely cures Alzheimer-s disease. However, it is known that the Mediterranean diet protects memory, increases cognitive functions and has a preventive effect on risk factors that may cause Alzheimer-s. This diet is still very popular today, as it is predominantly white meat instead of red meat, rich in various fruits and vegetables, limited in animal fats and saturated fats, and rich in vegetable unsaturated fats. In particular, medium-chain fatty acids are rapidly absorbed from the portal circulation and long-chain fatty acids have a cognitive function-enhancing effect due to their anti-inflammatory effects. With these features, the Mediterranean diet has an anti-inflammatory and protective effect from free radicals. The purpose of this compilation study; The source of Alzheimer-s disease is to explain the environmental and genetic factors and the changes that occur in the organism during the course of the disease. In this context, it is to give information about how diet, various elements, microbiota and many other factors affect the course of Alzheimer-s disease.