Ocular effects of synthetic cannabinoids: a case-control study

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the ocular effects of \"Bonzai\", a synthetic cannabinoid (SC), in seropositive and seronegative users. Methods: Sixty eyes of 60 consecutive male patients with a history of \"Bonzai\" use and 30 eyes of 30 age-matched male healthy controls were enrolled in this case-control study. Patients with past \"Bonzai\" use were grouped as seropositive (n:30) and seronegative (n:30) according to urine toxicology tests. All groups were compared for blood pressures, intraocular pressure, foveal and parafoveal retinal thicknesses, subfoveal and parafoveal choroidal thicknesses, measurements of the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), and macular ganglion cell complex (GCC), subfoveal total choroidal, luminal and stromal areas, and choroidal vascularity index (CVI). Results: No differences were noted in blood pressures between the groups (p > 0.05). The mean intraocular pressure was significantly lower in the seropositive group than in the other groups (p 0.05). Subfoveal and parafoveal choroidal thicknesses and areas were lower in the seropositive group than in the other groups (p < 0.001, for all). CVI increased in both groups with \"Bonzai\" use compared to the control group (p < 0.001, for all). Conclusions: This study indicates that intraocular pressure may decrease, and choroidal changes may be observed in SC users. Further clinical studies with a larger sample size, especially using purified SC for therapeutic purposes, are needed to confirm the present findings, and further histopathologic studies are required to clarify the changes in the choroid despite SC seronegativity. Clinical Trial ID: NCT06235346.