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01 - Yoksulluğa Son

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Yoksulluğun her biçiminin ortadan kaldırılması günümüzde insanlığın karşı karşıya olduğu en büyük sorun olmaya devam ediyor. Aşırı yoksulluk içinde yaşayan insanların sayısı 1990 ile 2015 arasında 1,9 milyardan 836 milyona düşmek suretiyle, yarıdan fazla azalmış olsa da, hala çok sayıda insan en temel insani gereksinimlerini karşılama savaşı vermektedir. Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları, başlamış olduğumuz şeyi bitirme ve yoksulluğun her biçimi ve boyutunu ortadan kaldırma yönünde oldukça cesur bir taahhüttür. En korunmasız durumda olanların hedeflenmesi, temel kaynaklar ve hizmetlere erişimin artırılması ve çatışmalar ile iklim temelli afetlerden etkilenen toplumların desteklenmesini içerir.

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    A Catalyst for Social Economy: Society 5.0
    (Istanbul University Publication, 2023-02-01) Toker K.; TOKER, KEREM
    As our planet moves towards the middle of the 21st century, it faces a dizzying digital transformation process. This transformation brings along with it unique and innovative solutions to numerous social, organizational, and managerial issues. The most tangible of these solutions so far is the vision of Society 5.0 announced by the Japanese government in 2016. Within this scope, the purpose of this chapter is to develop conceptual insight into the reasons for the emergence, components, and goals of Society 5.0. Up-to-date research and current reports on the topic have been examined in this context, and a conceptual framework is formed. The findings show that many digital tools of Society 5.0 are already used in economies, but policymakers discuss these tools’ human-centered reuse. As a result, a positive futuristic perspective has been drawn that humanity will continue its life on a more habitable planet for decades to come and unite digital and physical space. Keywords: Society 5.0, Social Economy, Digital Transformation
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    Patient satisfaction in outpatient medical care: the case of Iraq
    (2020-08-01T00:00:00Z) Al-Ezzi, Saad Ahmed Ali; AL-EZZI, SAAD AHMED ALİ
    Background:Healthcare providers are increasingly interested in patient satisfaction as an indicator to assess the quality of health services. This study investigates the level of satisfaction among Iraqi patients attending the outpatient (OP) clinic.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study conducted from October to December 2019 among outpatient attendees in two busiestcenters in Iraq. A convenience sample of 235 (response rate of 88.0%) completed the self-administered short-form patient satisfaction questionnaire (PSQ-18). The independent variables included socio-demographic, economic, and self-perceived health status. Data were analyzed in SPSS, where descriptive analysis (mean ± standard deviation) and univariate (independent sample t-test, ANOVA test) and multivariate linear regression -Enter technique- was done at 0.05 level of significance and 95% confidence interval.Results: The mean age of respondents was 39.3 (±14.8). The sample was mostly women (55.3%), and 37.4% in the age group of 30-49 years. More than half of participants residing in the urban regions (54.5%) from families of monthly household income less than 500,000 Iraq Dinars (USD 400). However, the majority (70.6%) have the first visit to the OP clinic, and 53.6% self-perceived health as good or very good. Results of multiple linear regression showed that patients residents in rural regions (B= 5.4 ,P<0.001), married (B= 4.8,P<0.001), unemployed (B= 4.7,P<0.001) and low educated (B= 1.5,P<0.051) exhibited higher service satisfaction score compared to urban residents, single, employed and high educated participants respectively. However, patients aged fifty years and more (B= -2.1,P<0.001) and those with poor health (B=-2.5,P<0.001) exhibited lower service satisfaction scores compared to young age patients and the healthy participants, respectively.Conclusion:The high demand for the use of health resources in metropolitan cities by the rural population indicates inequality in the distribution of health services and an increase in the rural-to-urban displacement.
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    From Social Sustainability to Social Entrepreneurship: A Path for Social Value Creation
    (IGI Global, 2022-12-01) Toker K.; TOKER, KEREM
    Despite the discussion of social sustainability, which has been a crucial component of sustainable development for decades, unfortunately, the desired successful outcomes have not been realized in practice. This failure caused the need to examine the concept of social sustainability differently than ever before. Social entrepreneurship is a valuable tool to meet this need. Concordantly, this chapter purposes to evaluate the relations between social sustainability and social entrepreneurship by comprehensively analyzing them. Discussing this relationship and proposing a new perspective will support overcome theoretical dilemmas and practical struggles. Therefore, the concept of sustainability was explained in detail through a wide literature review, and then the concept of social entrepreneurship was examined, and links, similarities, and gaps were revealed between the two concepts. As a result, the effective implementation of social sustainability policies depends on the social impact and value created by social entrepreneurship.
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    The impact of displacement on the social, economic and health situation on a sample of internally displaced families in Anbar Province, Iraq
    (2019-05-01T00:00:00Z) Al -Ezzi, Saad Ahmed Ali; AL-EZZI, SAAD AHMED ALİ
    Background: Internally displaced people (IDPs) in Iraq are still suffering because the solutions were not radical. This study aims to assess the impact of displacement on the socio-economic, wellbeing and mental health status of internally displaced (ID) families in Anbar province, Iraq. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from 3rd to 17th April 2017. Data was collected using a universal sampling technique. A total of 355 heads of households interviewed with a modified questionnaire consisting of 26 close-ended questions related to the socio-economic, demographic, wellbeing and the mental health characteristics. Results: At the time of the study, about 55.5% of the surveyed displaced families have not returned home yet. Prominent families of more than seven members (59.4%) and residency in renting houses (82.8%) are two variables that may contribute to an economic burden. Mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression spread among 62.3% of surveyed families. Significant rise in chronic diseases from 64 (18.0%) cases before displacement to 102 cases (28.7%) after displacement. Few of them (21.6%) were able to access public health services. People who experienced violence had verbally abused at 52.1%. Lack of the services (50.3%), the inability to repair the destroyed houses (26.4%) and the loss of house due to destruction (23.3%) were the significant factors inhibited families from returning home back Conclusion: Our findings indicate the need for urgent and strategic plans to improve the quality of logistics, health and infrastructure services to motivate the displaced families to return to their homes.
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    Non-profit Organizations: A Path for Social Economy
    (Istanbul University Publication, 2023-02-01) Toker K.; TOKER, KEREM
    The structural basis of the social economy is non-profit organizations. Therefore, understanding the structure and management principles of non-profits is essential to create a global economy based on solidarity. However, despite the critical importance and role of non-profit organizations, studies on non-profit organizations are not holistic from a managerial perspective. For this reason, a holistic approach that covers all economic, political, and social components is needed when analyzing the social economy and NPOs Toward this aim, in this section, nonprofits are examined based on their organizational structure and management principles. This examination will compare for-profit and non-profits organizations’ mission, organizational structure, performance criteria, etc. The lack of profit in non-profit organization’s (NPO) mission stands out as the most crucial difference that shapes their management characteristics and organizational structure.Keywords: Social Organizations, Social Economy, Organizational Structure, Non-profit Organizations
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    Covid-19 Pandemisinde Bir Risk Faktörü: Yaşlılarda Kırılganlık
    (2021-05-25T00:00:00Z) Adıgüzel, Yasemin; İlhan, Nesrin; ADIGÜZEL, YASEMIN
    Covid-19 Pandemisinde Bir Risk Faktörü: Yaşlılarda Kırılganlık Yasemin ADIGÜZEL1, Nesrin İLHAN2 1 Arş. Gör., Bezmialem Vakıf Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Hemşirelik Bölümü, yadiguzel1@bezmialem.edu.tr. 2 Doç. Dr., İstanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Hemşirelik Bölümü Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği Anabilim Dalı, nesrin.ilhan@medeniyet.edu.tr. Koronavirüs hastalığı (Covid-19), tüm dünyaya yayılarak 11 Mart 2020 tarihinde DSÖ tarafından pandemi ilan edilmiştir(1). Covid-19, herkesi enfekte edebilmekle birlikte en çok orta yaşlı ve yaşlı yetişkinleri etkilemektedir(2,3). Yapılan çalışmalarda yaşlıların Covid-19’a karşı daha savunmasız olduğu ve enfeksiyon ile ölüm oranlarının yaşlılarda daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur(2,4,5). Covid-19 pandemisinde yaşlı bireylerde ölüm oranlarının artmasıyla yaşlılar için sokağa çıkma kısıtlamaları yapılmıştır (3,6). Bu durum, azalmış işlevsel yetenek ve ilerleyici geriatrik kırılganlık oluşum riskiyle mücadele eden yaşlıların başa çıkmaları gereken başka sorunlar doğurmuştur(7). Bu sorunlar; uzun süre evde hareketsiz kalma, sosyal ilişkilerin azalması, stres, anksiyete ile kendileri ve yakınları için hastalık ve ölüm korkusudur(7,8,9,10). Özellikle bu bireylerin kısıtlamada olası düşme ve yaralanma durumlarını ve kronik hastalıkları yönetememe sebebiyle yaşadıkları rahatsızlıkları Covid-19 ile enfekte olma korkusuyla göz ardı etmeleri muhtemeldir. Bu durum, onları kırılganlık riskine karşı daha savunmasız hale getirmektedir(7).Kırılganlık; yaşa bağlı olarak fizyolojik rezervlerin azalması, çoklu organ veya sistemlerde fonksiyonel kayıp ve stresörlere karşı savunmasızlığın artması olarak tanımlanan geriatrik bir sendrom olmakla birlikte dünyada ve ülkemizde giderek artarak küresel bir sağlık yükü oluşturmaktadır(11,12). Kırılganlığın etiyolojisi bilinmemekle birlikte, kronik inflamasyon ile kas- iskelet ve endokrin sistemde değişiklikler, hücresel yaşlanma, apopitozis, kardiyovasküler sistem hastalıkları, kadın cinsiyet, komorbiditeler, genetik, çevresel faktörler (stres, malnütrisyon vb.), ırk, eğitim, sosyoekonomik durum, depresyon, sigara, alkol kullanımı ve polifarmasi kırılganlığın patogenezinde rol oynamaktadır(11,13,14). Kırılganlığın oluşumunda rol oynayan bu faktörler Covid-19 pandemisinde de devam etmektedir. Bu durum mevcutta kırılgan olan yaşlıların şiddetli kırılganlık dönemine girmesine sebep olabileceği gibi kırılgan olmayan yaşlılar için de risk oluşturmaktadır(10). İngilitere’deki ve İtalya-daki hastaneleri kapsayan gözlemsel bir kohort çalışmasında Covid-19-un, kırılgan yaşlılar için daha şiddetli sürebileceği ve prognozunun kötü ilerleyebileceği tespit edilmiştir(15). Türkiye-deki tüm hastanelerde ulusal çapta yürütülen bir kohort çalışmasında ise 18.234 Covid-19 hastasının % 67,4’ünün kırılgan, % 15,4’ünün ise şiddetli kırılganlık döneminde olduğu tespit edilmiştir(16). Kısıtlamaların bir sonucu olarak, toplumda yaşayan beş yaşlı yetişkinden dördünün yaşam alanı hareketliliğinde önemli bir azalma yaşanmaktadır ve bu durum kırılganlık, sarkopeni ve kronik hastalık riskini artırmaktadır(10). Bu süreçte yaşlı bireyin fonksiyonel bağımsızlığının ve işlevselliğinin korunması için kronik hastalıklarını yönetme, farmakolojik tedavilerine uyumu sağlama, fiziksel güç ve direnci artıran egzersizler yapma, beslenmenin düzenlenmesi, kilo kontrolü ve bakım verenlerin dijital ortamlarla bakımı desteklemesi gibi alanlarda yapılacak girişimlerle kırılganlığın önlenmesi sağlanabilir(11,17). Kırılganlığın önlenmesi için Covid-19 pandemisinde ve getirdiği kısıtlamalarda yaşlı bireylerin gerek fiziksel gerekse ruhsal açıdan takip edilmesi, telefon ve diğer dijital ortamlarda temaslarının desteklenmesi, çevirim içi sosyal destek, ruhsal destek faaliyetlerinin yürütülmesi önemlidir. Tele-Sağlık ve Tele-hemşirelik uygulamalarının yaygınlaştırılmasıyla pandemi döneminde yaşlıların günlük yaşam aktivitelerinde bağımsızlıkları desteklenebilmektedir(18). Yaşlıların telefon, bilgisayar ve internete erişememeleri, sınırlı dakika kullanımları onların yakınlarıyla etkileşim kurmasını ve online alışveriş imkanlarını kullanmalarını zorlaştırabilir. Bunlar ve benzeri durumların devlet kurumları ve yerel yönetimler aracılığıyla destelenmesiyle yaşlıların sosyal fonksiyonelliği desteklenebilir(17,19). Yaşlılarda kırılganlığın değerlendirilmesi ve semptomların belirlenerek önlenmesi önemlidir. Kırılganlığın değerlendirilmesinde; Fried Kırılganlık Ölçeği, Edmonton Kırılganlık Ölçeği, FRAIL İndeksi, CSHA Kırılganlık Ölçeği ve Tilburg Kırılganlık Ölçeği gibi araçlar kullanılmaktadır. Bu araçlar sayesinde kırılganlık erken evrede belirlenebilmektedir(11,13). Covid-19 pandemisinde de yaşlıların kırılganlıktan korunması, kırılganlığın değerlendirilmesi ve Covid-19 ile enfekte olduklarında kırılgan yaşlıya özgü girişimleri alabilmeleri için hemşirelerin kırılganlığın farkında olmaları önemlidir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Yaşlılık, Kırılganlık, Kırılgan Yaşlı, Covid-19, Hemşire.
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    Relationship between Alexithymia and Chronic Periodontitis
    (2017-05-01T00:00:00Z) Sezer, U.; Ustun, K.; Senyurt, S. Z.; Alunbas, K.; Erciyas, K.
    Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential relationship between alexithymia and chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: A caseucontrol study of 222 male and female subjects aged 21-63 years was conducted. The participants were divided into a chronic periodontitis group (n = 114) and a control group (n = 108) with no history of periodontitis. The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) was used to evaluate alexithymia status of the subjects. Clinical data were collected on parameters such as the plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, and the clinical attachment level (CAL). Socioeconomic data on the patients were also recorded. Results: Chronic periodontitis group showed higher frequency in alexithymic patients as compared to control group. The proportion of high dental anxiety did not differ between the groups. The total TAS-20 score was statistically significantly higher in male subjects than in female subjects (P < 0.05). The bivariate analyses of the psychometric measures and the periodontal parameters revealed positive correlations with the severity of periodontal disease/CAL and the total TAS-20 score (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of the current study suggest that alexithymia is a possible risk factor for chronic periodontitis. Further research is needed to identify the underlying mechanism.
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    Simple re-instantiation of small databases using cloud computing
    (2013-10-01T00:00:00Z) Tan, Tin Wee; Xie, Chao; De Silva, Mark; Lim, Kuan Siong; Patro, C. Pawan K.; Lim, Shen Jean; Govindarajan, Kunde Ramamoorthy; Tong, Joo Chuan; Choo, Khar Heng; Ranganathan, Shoba; KHAN, MOHAMMAD ASİF; KHAN, MOHAMMAD ASİF
    Background: Small bioinformatics databases, unlike institutionally funded large databases, are vulnerable to discontinuation and many reported in publications are no longer accessible. This leads to irreproducible scientific work and redundant effort, impeding the pace of scientific progress.
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    Oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder co-occurrence increases the risk of Internet addiction in adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
    (2018-06-01T00:00:00Z) Gunes, Hatice; Tanidir, Canan; Adaletli, Hilal; Kilicoglu, Ali Güven; Mutlu, Caner; Bahali, Mustafa Kayhan; Topal, Melike; Bolat, Nurullah; Uneri, Ozden Sukran; KILIÇOĞLU, ALİ GÜVEN
    Objectives: The aims of this cross-sectional study were to assess the prevalence of Internet addiction (IA) in a clinical sample of adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to detect the moderating effects of co-occurring oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD) on the association between ADHD and IA. Methods: The study group comprised 119 adolescent subjects who were consecutively referred to our outpatient clinic with a diagnosis of ADHD. The Turgay DSM-IV-Based Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavioral Disorders Screening and Rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S) was completed by parents, and subjects were asked to complete the Internet Addiction Scale (IAS). Results: The IAS results indicated that 63.9% of the participants (n=76) fell into the IA group. Degree of IA was correlated with hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms but not with inattention symptoms. As compared to the ADHD-only group (without comorbid ODD/CD), ADHD+ODD/CD subjects returned significantly higher scores on the IAS. Conclusions: As adolescents with ADHD are at high risk of developing IA, early IA detection and intervention is of great importance for this group. In addition, adolescents with ADHD+ODD/CD may be more vulnerable to IA than those in the ADHD-only group and may need to be more carefully assessed for IA.
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    Mediator role of innovation in the relationship between social development and happiness
    (2023-12-01) Gözübol Z. İ.; Baysal Yiğit A.; Toker K.; GÖZÜBOL, ZEKİYE İREM; TOKER, KEREM
    Governments, organizations, and researchers discuss the policies necessary for people and societies to lead a happy life in the 21st century as a critical issue. Although researchers expect a positive relationship between the happiness levels of communities and their social development levels, it is necessary to question the direction, the strength of this relationship and the existence of different variables affecting it. In this context, in this study, we aimed to examine the relationships among societies’ development level, happiness level, and innovation capacity. For this purpose, we obtained 2020 data from global reports covering the social development, innovation, and happiness variables of 119 countries. We tested the research model within the framework of these data and hierarchical regression analysis, and we found that innovation partially mediates the relationship between the social development levels of countries and happiness. Research results show that innovation is an intellectual and industrial process that positively affects the happiness of societies