Radiological evaluation of maxillary artery and descending palatine artery in the pterygopalatine fossa by 3D rotational angiography

Abstract

Purpose The aim of this study is to evaluate the branching patterns and topographical features of the third part of the maxillary artery (t-MA) and descending palatine artery (DPA) by 3-Dimensional Rotational Angiography (3DRA) images and to define the radiological classification of their variations, based upon the previous cadaveric studies and a review of the literature. Method This study was conducted from May 2020 through June 2021. All consecutive adult patients who were examined with 3D-RA were enrolled in the study. The morphological evaluations and measurements of t-MA, DPA and their branches were made on maximum intensity projection images with 10-20 mm slice thickness. Results Eighty-five hemifaces, including 58 females and 45 right sides, were evaluated. The diameter of the t-MA was measured as 1.73 +/- 0.30 mm. The most common pattern of the t-MA according to its course was loop type (63/85, 74.1%) and according to branching pattern was Type Ib (29/85, 34.1%). The mean diameter of DPA was 1.19 +/- 0.20 mm. The DPA presented as a single trunk in 11/85 cases. Type II, which was defined as one lesser palatine artery originating from distal-DPA, was the most common morphological variation (51.8%). Conclusions 3DRA imaging provides valuable information for vascular anatomical studies. The most common morphological variation related to t-MA, DPA is the distal branching pattern.