The Effect of Education Provided to Patients Undergoing Planned Percutaneous Coronary Intervention on Self-Efficacy and Secondary Prevention

Abstract

Abstract Background: Cardiovascular diseases affect a large proportion of the global population, and the use of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in treatment has been increasing. Patient education aimed at promoting secondary prevention and improving self-efficacy following PCI has become increasingly important. Objective: This study investigated the effect of education provided to patients undergoing elective PCI on self-efficacy and secondary prevention. Methods: This single-blind, randomized controlled trial used a pre-test–post-test control group design. The study population comprised 180 patients scheduled for elective PCI. Based on power analysis, 120 patients were included, with 60 assigned to the intervention group and 60 to the control group. The intervention group received three sessions of patient education based on Social Cognitive Learning Theory, delivered before and after the procedure. Additionally, participants received weekly text messages for 12 weeks and were followed up by telephone. The control group received a one-page standard text form about the procedure, which reflected routine clinical practice. Data collection tools included questionnaires, knowledge tests, the Self-Efficacy Scale for Chronic Diseases, the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale-II, pre-test and post-test, laboratory results, and anthropometric measurements. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Mann–Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Student's t test, paired samples t test, and Pearson correlation analysis. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: Knowledge scores in the intervention group significantly increased after training compared with baseline and were higher than in the control group. At the 3-month follow-up, intervention group patients demonstrated higher self-efficacy perceptions and healthier lifestyle behaviors than controls. Changes in laboratory values and anthropometric measurements were also more favorable in the intervention group than in the control group. Conclusion: Patienteducation designed according toSocial Cognitive Learning Theory positively influences self-efficacy and secondary prevention in patients undergoing elective PCI.