Prostat kanseri hastalarında kan ve idrar örneklerinde mikrorna düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması

Abstract

Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men in developed countries but also in the causes of cancer deaths in men and ranks second after lung cancer. Digital rectal examination, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, transrectal ultrasonography and transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy are the basic tools for early detection of prostate cancer. Today, the measurement of PSA is the most common indication that can be associated with prostate cancer diagnosis. However, there are limitations to the use of the PSA test as a prostate cancer screening biomolecule. Because of their low specificity, the search for prostate cancer has a higher specificity in detecting prostate cancer. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a small non-coding, regulatory molecules containing about 22 nucleotides. In animals and plants, it plays an important role in regulation of gene expression by directly binding to the mRNA of protein-encoding genes and directly affecting posttranscriptional suppression of genes. Recent studies have shown that miRNAs play important roles in many critical biological processes including development, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, tumor formation, signal transduction, organ development and hematopoietic lineage differentiation. It is known that some miRNAs in prostate cancer play important roles such as, proliferation, epithelialmesenchymal transition and androgen independence. MiRNAs are also thought to be secreted in a protective exosome. A recent study demonstrated that the presence of miRNA in urine samples. The same study showed that miRNAs are more sensitive markers than PCA, which is used as a biomarker in the urine for prostate cancer. According to the literature, miRNAs may be used as a biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Nevertheless, studies that particularly compare miRNA expression changes in prostate cancer patients blood and urine samples are limited. In this study, miRNA expression profiles were determined by microarray method on total RNA from blood and urine specimens obtained from patients with prostate cancer and healthy controls. Expression levels of miR320a and miR6750-5p, which were detected commonly in blood and urine, were analyzed by real time PCR. A significant increase in expression of miR320a and miR6750-5p was determined in blood and urine samples of patients compared to healthy control group. Progressive studies are intended to increase the number of patients and detailed investigation of these miRNAs are considered for further pathway analysis.