2020-01-01T00:00:00Z, SOYSAL, PINAR, Arik, Ferhat, Smith, Lee, Jackson, Sarah E., IŞIK, AHMET TURAN, SOYSAL, PINAR

Chronic inflammation, which is called -inflamm-aging-, is characterized by an increased level of inflammatory cytokines in response to physiological and environmental stressors, and causes the immune system to function consistently at a low level, even though it is not effective. Possible causes of inflammaging include genetic susceptibility, visceral obesity, changes in gut microbiota and permeability, chronic infections and cellular senescence. Inflammation has a role in the development of many age-related diseases, such as frailty. Low grade chronic inflammation can also increase the risk of atherosclerosis and insulin resistance which are the leading mechanisms in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). As it is well known that the risk of CVD is higher in older people with frailty and the risk of frailty is higher in patients with CVD, there may be relationship between inflammation and the development of CVD and frailty. Therefore, this important issue will be discussed in this chapter.

2020-09-01T00:00:00Z, Jacob, Louis, Lopez-Sanchez, Guillermo F., Carvalho, Andre F., Shin, Jae Il, Oh, Hans, Yang, Lin, Veronese, Nicola, SOYSAL, PINAR, Grabovac, Igor, Koyanagi, Ai, Smith, Lee, SOYSAL, PINAR

Background: This study aimed to investigate associations between mental health and several parameters of oral health, controlling for a variety of important covariates, in a large representative sample of Spanish people. Methods: Data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 were analysed. Mental (i.e., depression, chronic anxiety, other psychiatric disorders) and oral health (i.e., dental caries, dental extraction, dental filling, gingival bleeding, tooth movement, dental material, missing tooth) were evaluated. Control variables included sex, age, marital status, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical multimorbidity. Associations between psychiatric conditions (independent variables) and the number of poor oral health outcomes (dependent vari-able) were assessed using Poisson regression models. The associations were investigated in the overall popu-lation, in married participants and in those who were single/widowed/divorced/separated. Results: There were 23,089 participants [54.1% women; mean (standard deviation) age 53.4 (18.9) years]. The prevalence of at least one psychiatric condition was 15.4% in the overall sample, while the mean (standard deviation) number of poor oral health outcomes was 2.9 (1.4). There was a positive association between any psychiatric condition and the number of poor oral health outcomes [incidence rate ratio (IRR)=1.10; 95% con fidence interval: 1.07-1.12], and there was a signi ficant interaction between any psychiatric condition and marital status. The association was stronger in those participants who were single/widowed/divorced/sepa-rated. Limitations: Cross-sectional study. Oral and mental health were assessed with Yes/No questions. Exposure, outcome and covariates were self-reported. Conclusions: Those with poor mental health have worse oral health but being married has some protective benefits.

2020-10-01T00:00:00Z, Demurtas, Jacopo, Schoene, Daniel, Torbahn, Gabriel, Marengoni, Alessandra, Grande, Giulia, Zou, Liye, Petrovic, Mirko, Maggi, Stefania, Cesari, Matteo, Lamb, Sarah, Soysal, Pınar, Kemmler, Wolfgang, Sieber, Cornel, Mueller, Christoph, Shenkin, Susan D., Schwingshackl, Lukas, Smith, Lee, Veronese, Nicola, SOYSAL, PINAR

Objectives: The aim of this umbrella review was to determine the effect of physical activity/exercise on improving cognitive and noncognitive outcomes in people with MCI (mild cognitive impairment) and dementia.

2020-09-01T00:00:00Z, Demurtas, Jacopo, Celotto, Stefano, Beaudart, Charlotte, Sanchez-Rodriguez, Dolores, Balci, Cafer, SOYSAL, PINAR, Solmi, Marco, Celotto, Daniele, Righi, Elena, Smith, Lee, Lopalco, Pier Luigi, Noventa, Vania, Michel, Jean Pierre, Torbahn, Gabriel, Di Gennaro, Francesco, Pizzol, Damiano, Veronese, Nicola, Maggi, Stefania, SOYSAL, PINAR

Vaccination is the main public health intervention to prevent influenza. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of influenza vaccination including systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Peer-reviewed systematic reviews with meta-analyses of prospective studies that investigated the association of influenza vaccination with any health-related outcome, as well as RCTs that investigated the efficacy and safety of influenza vaccination, were included. Among 1240 references, 6 meta-analyses were included. In cohort studies of community-dwelling older people influenza vaccination was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization for heart disease and for influenza/pneumonia (strength of evidence: convincing). Evidence in lowering the risk of mortality in community-dwelling older people, of all deaths/severe respiratory diseases in high risk community-dwelling older people and of hospitalization for influenza/pneumonia in case-control studies, was highly suggestive. In RCTs, influenza vaccination, compared to placebo/no intervention, was associated to higher risk of local tenderness/sore arm and to a reduced risk of influenza like-illness. Both these associations showed moderate evidence using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation). In conclusion, influenza vaccination in older people seems safe and effective. Further, the evidence on safety and efficacy of vaccines in this population might benefit by an extension of the follow-up period both in RCTs and in longitudinal studies, beyond the usual 6-month period, in order to be able to evaluate the impact of vaccination on long term outcomes.

2021-03-28T00:00:00Z, Smith, Lee, López-Sánchez, Guillermo F, Jacob, Louis, Barnett, Yvonne, Pardhan, Shahina, Veronese, Nicola, Soysal, PINAR, Tully, Mark A, Gorely, Trish, Shin, Jae Il, Koyanagi, Ai, SOYSAL, PINAR

2020-08-01T00:00:00Z, Haider, Sandra, Schwarzinger, Angela, Stefanac, Sinisa, SOYSAL, PINAR, Smith, Lee, Veronese, Nicola, Dorner, Thomas E., Grabovac, Igor, SOYSAL, PINAR

Objectives The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of nutritional supplementation on neuropsychiatric symptoms among people with dementia. Methods/Design Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched in the Databases PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and from inception until January 31, 2020. Studies of RCTs carried out on people with any type of dementia who were taking nutritional supplements and had neuropsychiatric symptoms were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were assessed with the validated Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Effect sizes were calculated with standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), applying a random effect model. Results The search yielded 1034 studies with four studies being included in the meta-analysis with a total of 377 people with dementia (mean age 69.3 [SD: 7.7] years). The diagnoses comprised mild to late Alzheimer-s disease and frontotemporal dementia. Two studies included a multicomponent supplementation, one an omega-3, and one a special supplement tailored for cognitive impairment. The median follow-up was 18 weeks, with a range from 12 to 24 weeks. Pooled data showed that nutritional supplementation did not improve NPI (SMD = -0.33; [95%CI: -0.74 to 0.08];P= 0.11; I-2= 45%). Conclusions The findings of this meta-analysis demonstrated no significant impact on NPI through nutritional supplementation. However, the generalization of the results is limited, as different supplements were used in different stages of dementia with a short follow-up time.