02 - Açlığa Son

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02 - Açlığa Son

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AMAÇ 2: AÇLIĞA SON Son 20 yılda hızlı ekonomik büyüme ve tarımsal verimlilikteki artış, yetersiz beslenen insanların sayısında yarıdan fazla azalma sağlamıştır. Eskiden kıtlık ve açlık çeken gelişmekte olan ülkelerin çoğu, en korunmasız kitlelerin beslenme ihtiyaçlarını artık karşılayabiliyor. Orta ve Doğu Asya, Latin Amerika ve Karayipler’de, aşırı açlığın ortadan kaldırılmasında büyük ilerleme kaydedilmiştir. Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları, 2030 yılına kadar açlık ve yetersiz beslenmenin her biçimini sona erdirmeyi, başta çocuklar olmak üzere tüm insanların yıl boyunca yeterli besine sahip olmasını hedefliyor. Amaçlar, küçük çiftçilerin desteklenmesi ve arazi, teknoloji ve piyasalara eşit erişimlerini destekleyen sürdürülebilir tarım uygulamalarının teşvik edilmesini kapsıyor. Aynı zamanda, tarımda verimliliği artırmak için altyapı ve teknolojiye yatırım yapılması alanında uluslararası işbirliğini gerektiriyor. Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları kapsamında konulan diğer hedeflerle birlikte, 2030 yılına kadar açlığı ortadan kaldırabiliriz.

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Open Access
Efficacy of glycerol and flax seed oil as anti-adhesive barriers after thyroidectomy.
(2014-06-28) IDIZ, O; Aysan, E; FIRAT, D; ERSOY, YELİZ EMİNE; CENGIZ, MB; AKBULUT, H; ISıK, A; MUSLUMANOGLU, M; AYŞAN, MUSTAFA ERHAN; ERSOY, YELIZ EMINE
We evaluated the effects of local flax seed oil and glycerol application for reducing adhesion formation after thyroidectomy. Material/Method: We randomly assigned 18 female Wistar albino rats (median weight: 275 g, median age: 4.5 mth) to 3 groups: 0.1 ml 0.9% NaCl, glycerol, and flax seed oil were sprayed in a perithyroidal area after thyroidectomy operation on all animals as anti-adhesive barriers. Rats were sacrificed on the postoperative 14th day and adhesions were evaluated macroscopically and microscopically. Results: The median macroscopic adhesion score was 3.0±0.0 in the 0.9% NaCl group, 1.33±0.52 in the glycerol group, and 1.67±0.53 in the flax seed oil group. The median histopathological fibrosis scores were 2.33±0.82, 0.67±0.52, and 0.83±0.75, respectively. Both glycerol and flaxseed oil group macroscopic and microscopic scores were significantly lower than the 0.9% NaCl group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference among the groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: Glycerol and flax seed oil both decrease the incidence of post-thyroidectomy adhesion in rats, but glycerol is more effective.
Open Access
Correlation of Brain Neuropeptide (Nesfatin-1 and Orexin-A) Concentrations with Anthropometric and Biochemical Parameters in Malnourished Children
(2015-09-01) Kahraman, Feyza Ustabas; Vehapoglu, Aysel; Ozgen, Ilker Tolga; Terzioglu, Sule; Cesur, YAŞAR; Dundaroz, Rusen; VEHAPOĞLU TÜRKMEN, AYSEL; USTABAŞ KAHRAMAN, FEYZA; ÖZGEN, İLKER TOLGA; TERZİOĞLU, ŞULE; CESUR, YAŞAR; İŞCAN, AKIN
Objective: Malnutrition continues to be a leading cause of stunted growth in many countries. This study aimed to investigate serum nesfatin-1 and orexin-A levels in underweight children and the potential correlations of these levels with anthropometric and nutritional parameters. Methods: The study enrolled 44 prepubertal children (between 2 and 12 years of age) with thinness grades of 1-3 and 41 healthy age- and gender-matched children. The demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters including nesfatin-1 and orexin-A concentrations were compared between the two groups. The correlations of nesfatin-1 and orexin-A with biochemical and anthropometric parameters were investigated. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were also performed for evaluating nesfatin-1 and orexin-A in distinguishing children with malnutrition from healthy controls. Results: Thyroid-stimulating hormone, vitamin B12 and insulin levels were significantly lower in the study group than controls (p=0.001, p=0.049 and p=0.033, respectively). Mean nesfatin-1 levels in the malnourished group was also significantly lower compared to the healthy controls (3871.2 ± 1608.8 vs. 5515.0 ± 3816.4 pg/mL, p=0.012). No significant difference was observed in the orexin-A levels between the two groups (malnourished vs. control groups: 1135.7 ± 306.0 vs. 1025.7 ± 361.6 pg/mL, p=0.141). Correlation analyses revealed a positive correlation of nesfatin-1 and a negative correlation of orexin-A with body mass index (BMI) z-score. ROC analysis demonstrated that nesfatin-1 and orexin-A cannot be used to distinguish children with malnutrition from healthy controls (AUC: 0.620, p=0.061 for nesfatin-1 and AUC: 0.584, p=0.190 for orexin-A). Conclusion: The positive correlation of nesfatin-1 and the negative correlation of orexin-A with BMI suggest that these neuropeptides may be a part of a protective mechanism in the maintenance of nutritional status and that they may have a role in regulating food intake in undernourished children.
Open Access
What is the Optimal Body Mass Index Range for Older Adults?
(2022-03-01T00:00:00Z) Kıskaç, Muharrem; Soysal, PINAR; Smith, Lee; Capar, Emre; Zorlu, Mehmet; SOYSAL, PINAR
Background: Obesity is pathophysiologically complex in older adults compared to that in young and middle-aged adults. The aim of the present study was to determine the appropriate body mass index (BMI) range based on geriatric evaluation parameters in which complications can be minimized in older adults. Methods: A total of 1,051 older adult patients who underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment were included. The patients’ demographic characteristics, comorbid diseases, number of drugs, BMI, basic and instrumental activities of daily living (BADL and IADL), Tinetti balance and walking scale, Mini Nutritional Assessment, Geriatric Depression Scale-15, Mini-Mental State Examination, Time Up and Go test, and handgrip strength measurement were extracted from patient records. Results: Of the patients who took part, 73% were female, and the mean age was 77.22±7.10 years. The most negative results were observed in those with a BMI <25 kg/m2 and in those with a BMI >35 kg/m2 . Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of the optimum BMI cutoff levels to detect the desirable values of geriatric assessment parameters was found to be 31–32 and 27–28 kg/m2 for female and male, respectively. Conclusion: Older adults with BMI <25 and >35 kg/m2 were at a higher risk of a decrease in functional capacity, and experienced gait and balance problems, fall risk, decrease in muscle strength, and malnutrition. Data from this study suggest that the optimum range of BMI levels for older adults is 31–32 and 27–28 kg/m2 for female and male, respectively.
Open Access
Relationship Between Nutritional Status and Insomnia Severity in Older Adults.
(2019-05-01) ISIK, Ahmet Turan; SOYSAL, PINAR; Smith, Lee; Dokuzlar, Ozge; SOYSAL, PINAR
Open Access
Correlation of Body Composition Analysis with Anthropometric Measurements in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
(2022-01-01T00:00:00Z) ARTAN, AYŞE SERRA; GÜRSU, Meltem; ELÇİOĞLU, Ömer Celal; YABACI TAK, AYŞEGÜL; KAZANCIOĞLU, Rümeyza; ARTAN, AYŞE SERRA; GÜRSU, MELTEM; ELÇİOĞLU, ÖMER CELAL; YABACI TAK, AYŞEGÜL; KAZANCIOĞLU, RÜMEYZA
Objective: This study investigates correlations between different methods for diagnosis of protein energy malnutrition (PEM) in peritoneal dialysis patients. Methods: Twenty four patients were included. Patients with amputations, infections, peritonitis, malignancies and PD duration less than three months were excluded. Physical examination findings, laboratory results and anthropometric measurements were recorded. Body composition analysis was performed with multi-frequency bioimpedance analyzer. Dialysis malnutrition score (DMS) was calculated. The correlations of different parameters were searched. Results: Eleven patients were female and 13 patients were male. Mean age was 58.9±12.6 years. Median dialysis duration was 25 (interquartile range: 14) months. Protein percentage was negatively correlated with fat percentage (r=-0.785; p<0.001), triceps skinfold thickness (SFT) (r=-0.641; p<0.001), biceps SFT (r=-0.685; p<0.001), body mass index (BMI) (r=-0.867; p<0.001), mid-arm circumference (r=-0.680; p=0.001). Fat percentage was positively correlated with BMI (r=0.780; p<0.001), biceps SFT (r=0.817; p<0.001), triceps SFT (r=0.901; p<0.001) and mid-arm circumference (r=0.558; p=0.005) Albumin was negatively correlated with DMS (r= -0.439; p=0.032). DMS and albumin were not correlated with bioimpedance and anthropometry Conclusion: Albumin is a marker of PEM in PD patients. Malnutrition scores may be used as adjunct methods. Increase in fat mass and percentage may influence the interpretation of anthropometric measurements.
Open Access
Refeeding Syndrome
(2017-07-01T00:00:00Z) Kocer, Emel; Gormez, Aynur
Refeeding syndrome (RFS) can be defined as a condition with severe electrolyte disturbance and metabolic abnormalities in undernourished patients who are undergoing refeeding. It is a life-threatening condition if not recognized or managed properly. Although there are no universally agreed guidelines on managing RFS, being aware of high-risk groups with close monitoring and a multidisciplinary approach is crucial for prevention as well as management. It is of paramount importance that clinicians are made more aware of this preventable, yet fatal, syndrome. There is also a great need for more randomized controlled trials to be performed, which can guide the clinical practice.
Open Access
Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone and Agouti-Related Protein: Do They Play a Role in Appetite Regulation in Childhood Obesity?
(2016-03-01) Vehapoglu, AYSEL; TURKMEN, Serdar; Terzioglu, Sule; VEHAPOĞLU TÜRKMEN, AYSEL; TERZİOĞLU, ŞULE
Objective: The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in the regulation of feeding behavior. The anorexigenic neuropeptide alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and the orexigenic neuropeptide agouti-related protein (AgRP) are among the major peptides produced in the hypothalamus. This study investigated the plasma concentrations of α-MSH and AgRP in underweight and obese children and their healthy peers. The associations between α-MSH and AgRP levels and anthropometric and nutritional markers of malnutrition and obesity were also assessed. Methods: Healthy sex-matched subjects aged 2 to 12 years were divided into 3 groups, as underweight (n=57), obese (n=61), and of normal weight (n=57). Plasma fasting concentrations of α-MSH and AgRP were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The differences between the three groups as to the relationships between plasma concentrations of α-MSH and AgRP and anthropometric data, serum biochemical parameters and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance were evaluated. Results: Obese children had significantly lower α-MSH levels than underweight (1194±865 vs. 1904±1312 ng/mL, p=0.006) and normal weight (1194±865 vs. 1762±1463 ng/mL, p=0.036) children; there were no significant differences in the α-MSH levels between the underweight and normal weight children (p=0.811). Also, no significant differences were observed between the underweight and obese children regarding the AgRP levels (742±352 vs. 828±417 ng/mL, p=0.125). We found a significant positive correlation between plasma α-MSH and AgRP levels across the entire sample. Conclusion: This study is the first to demonstrate body weight-related differences in α-MSH and AgRP levels in children. Circulating plasma α-MSH levels in obese children were markedly lower than those of underweight and normal-weight children. This suggests that α-MSH could play a role in appetite regulation.
Open Access
Association between Food Insecurity and Sarcopenia among Adults Aged ≥65 Years in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.
(2021-05-31T00:00:00Z) Smith, Lee; Jacob, Louis; Barnett, Yvonne; Butler, Laurie T; Shin, Jae Il; López-Sánchez, Guillermo F; Soysal, PINAR; Veronese, Nicola; Haro, Josep Maria; Koyanagi, Ai; SOYSAL, PINAR
Limited literature has investigated the association between food insecurity and sarcopenia in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the association between food insecurity and sarcopenia among adults aged ≥65 years in six LMICs. Community-based cross-sectional data of the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health were analyzed. Sarcopenia was defined as the presence of low skeletal muscle mass based on indirect population formula, and either slow gait or low handgrip strength. In the past, 12-month food insecurity was assessed with two questions on frequency of eating less and hunger due to lack of food. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted. The final sample consisted of 14,585 individuals aged ≥65 years (mean (SD) age 72.6 (11.5) years; 55.0% females). The prevalence of sarcopenia among those with no food insecurity was 13.0% but this increased to 24.4% among those with severe food insecurity. After adjustment for potential confounders, compared to no food insecurity, severe food insecurity was associated with 2.05 (95%CI = 1.12-3.73) times higher odds for sarcopenia. In this large representative sample of older adults from multiple LMICs, it was found that severe food insecurity is associated with higher odds for sarcopenia. Addressing food insecurity in such settings may be an effective strategy to curb the high prevalence of sarcopenia in LMICs.
Open Access
Use of peritoneal washing cytology for the detection of free peritoneal cancer cells before and after surgical treatment of gastric adenocarcinoma
(2018-10-01) HASBAHCECI, Mustafa; Akcakaya, ADEM; Guler, BERİL; Kunduz, ENVER; Malya, FATMA ÜMİT; Muslumanoglu, Mahmut; AKÇAKAYA, ADEM; GÜLER, BERIL; KUNDUZ, ENVER; MALYA, FATMA ÜMİT
Aim: Cytological detection of peritoneal-free gastric cancer cells is considered as the gold standard with variable sensitivity. Seeding of cancer cells after radical surgery for gastric cancer is a controversial issue. In this study, it was aimed to detect the rate of positive peritoneal washing cytology and the incidence of spreading of tumor cells after radical surgery. Materials and methods: Patients with pathologically proven and surgically treated gastric adenocarcinoma were enrolled. Three peritoneal washing samples were examined cytologically: at the beginning, after completion of resection, and before closure of the abdomen. Identification of peritoneal-free gastric cancer cells was regarded as the main outcome. Results: Thirty-four patients with a mean age of 60.7 ± 12 years were enrolled. T3 and N0 were the most common stages seen in 16 (47%) and 12 patients (35.3%), respectively. There were two positive results (5.9%) as the first peritoneal sample. Considering T3- or N-positive patients, the incidence increased to 9.1%. There was no conversion of negative to positive cytology. Cytological positivity remained only in one case (2.9%) after the second and the third peritoneal samples. Conclusion: Rate of positive peritoneal washing cytology in patients with gastric cancer is influenced by clinicopathological findings and the technique used. Use of cytology alone is thought to be failed to detect free cancers cells within the peritoneal cavity.
Open Access
Association between food insecurity and depression among older adults from low- and middle-income countries.
(2021-03-09T00:00:00Z) Smith, Lee; Il Shin, Jae; McDermott, Daragh; Jacob, Louis; Barnett, Yvonne; López-Sánchez, Guillermo F; Veronese, Nicola; Yang, Lin; Soysal, PINAR; Oh, Hans; Grabovac, Igor; Koyanagi, Ai; SOYSAL, PINAR