Person: KÖKER, İBRAHİM HAKKI
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Blood urea nitrogen increase is an expected finding in nonvariceal upper GI bleeding patients with underlying moderate or severe renal disease
Evaluation of Ki67 index in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration samples for the assessment of malignancy risk in gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
Background: The risk of malignancy in resected gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) depends on tumor size, location, and mitotic index. Reportedly, the Ki67 index has a prognostic value in resected GISTs. We aimed to analyze the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) samples with reference to Ki67 index, using surgical specimens as the gold standard. Methods: Fifty-five patients who underwent EUS-FNA followed by surgical resection for gastric GISTs were retrospectively analyzed. Patients’ age and sex; tumors’ size and location; mitotic index, cell type, cellularity, pleomorphism, presence of ulceration, hemorrhage, necrosis, mucosal or serosal invasion, growth pattern, and Ki67 index based on pathology were investigated. Results: Location in fundus, ulceration, hemorrhage, mucosal invasion, and Ki67 index in surgical specimens were significant in predicting high-risk groups (P < 0.05) on univariate analysis. resence of bleeding (P = 0.034) and the Ki67 index (P = 0.018) were the only independent significant factors in multivariate analysis. The optimal cutoff level of Ki67 was 5%, with 88.2% sensitivity and 52.8% specificity (P = 0.021). The mean Ki67 index was lower in EUS-FNA samples than in surgical specimens [2% (1-15) vs. 10% (1-70), P = 0.001]. The rank correlation coefficient value of Ki67 was 0.199 (P = 0.362) between EUS-FNA and surgical samples and showed no reliability for EUS-FNA samples. Conclusion: The Ki67 index in resected specimens correlated with high-risk GISTs, although it had no additive value to the current criteria. The Ki67 index in EUS-guided FNA samples is not a reliable marker of proliferation in GISTs.
The Role of Serum Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Hepatic Osteodystrophy in Male Cirrhotic Patients
Objective. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible role of serum cytokines in the development of hepatic osteodystrophy. Matherial and Methods. 44 consecutive male cirrhotic patients (17 alcoholic, 20 hepatitis B, 7 hepatitis C), 15 age- and sex-matched chronic alcoholics without liver disease, and 17 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the study during one year period. Bone mineral density was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry in the lumbar vertebrate and femoral neck. Serum interleukin levels were measured by ELISA method. Results. Although osteopenia frequency between our cirrhotic patients was 20%, there was no difference in T-scores among the controls and other groups. Serum interleukin-1, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were not different between all groups. Serum interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 levels were higher in the cirrhotics than controls (P < 0.001). However, there were no significant difference between osteopenic and nonosteopenic cirrhotics. Conclusion. According to the results of the study in this small population of 44 male cirrhotic patients, frequency of hepatic osteopenia is small and serum interleukins 1, 2, 6, 8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha may not play a role in the pathogenesis of hepatic osteodystrophy. Further studies in which large number of patients involved are necessary in this field.
Esophageal inlet patch: Demographic and endoscopic characteristics of patients and review of the literature
Can serum histone H4 levels predict mucosal healing in Crohn-s disease?
Introduction: Mucosal healing (MH) has been a treatment target with the introduction of biological agents in Crohn's disease (CD). Histone H4 increases in chronic inflammation. Aim: Our goal was to investigate the role of serum histone H4 in predicting MH. Material and methods: The study included 44 patients who applied to the endoscopy unit for ileocolonoscopic evaluation with the diagnosis of ileocecal CD and 26 healthy controls. After ileocolonoscopic evaluation, we divided the patients into 2 groups: those with and those without MH, according to the presence of endoscopic ulcer or erosion findings. Blood samples were taken from these patients to analyse serum histone H4 before the endoscopic procedure. We first compared serum histone H4 levels between CD patients and the healthy control group and then between those with and those without MH among the CD patients. Finally, we compared CRP, ESR, and serum histone H4 levels in patients with CD according to the presence of MH and symptoms. Results: Serum histone H4 levels were significantly higher in ileocolonic CD patients compared to the healthy control group (p = 0.002). Also, serum histone H4 levels were significantly higher in CD patients with no MH (p = 0.028) or symptomatic patients (p = 0.033). We did not find a significant difference in C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate levels between CD patients in the presence of MH (p = 0.281 and p = 0.203, respectively) or symptoms (0.779 and 0.652, respectively). Conclusions: Serum histone H4 might be a useful biomarker for MH prediction in ileocolonoscopic CD patients. Validation is needed for large numbers of patients.
Mucinous Pancreatic Cysts: Comparison of Cyst Size and Location in Certain Mucinous Cyst Subgroups
Background: There are studies reporting that the location of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia (IPMN) predicts malignancy. Therefore, we evaluated the cyst location’s relationship with malignancy, and the possibility of using cyst size and location to distinguish between non-main duct (non-MD)-IPMNs, mucinous cystic neoplasia (MCN), and cystic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 122 patients with a definite cyto-histological diagnosis of non-MDIPMNs, LR-MCNs, and cystic PDACs via endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration between October 2011 and October 2020. We grouped the cyst locations as head, uncinate, neck (HUN), and corpus or tail (CT). On histology, low-grade dysplasia and intermediategrade dysplasia were considered low risk (LR), whereas high-grade dysplasia and invasive carcinoma were considered high risk (HR). Results: Of the 122 patients (61 (50%) women, median age 61.5 years (range 19-85), there were 34 (27.9%) LR-non-MD-IPMNs, 33 (27%) HR-non-MD-IPMNs, 19 (15.6%) LR-MCNs, and 36 (29.5%) cystic PDACs. We found no significant difference between LRand HR-non-MD-IPMN locations (P = .803). Low-risk non-MD-IPMNs were significantly smaller than HR-non-MD-IPMNs (P < .001), LR-MCNs (P = .002), and cystic PDACs (P < .001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was 0.819 (95% CI: 0.716-0.902; P < .0001), and demonstrated a cyst size cut-off <2.2 cm to differentiate LR cysts, while cysts <1.6 cm had a negative predictive value (NPV) of 100% in non-MD-IPMNs. Conclusion: Cyst location is not predictive of malignancy in non-MD-IPMNs. Low-risk non-MD-IPMNs were smaller than HR-non-MDIPMNs, LR-MCNs, and cystic PDACs. The cyst size cut-off was 2.2 cm; however, <1.6 cm had a 100% NPV differentiating LR- from HR-non-MD-IPMNs
Spinal cord ischemia after endoscopic ultrasound guided celiac plexus neurolysis: case report and review of the literature
Introduction: Endosonography guided celiac plexus neurolysis is efficacious in the management of severe pain due to advanced pancreatic cancer. Although endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided celiac neurolysis (CN) is mostly a safer procedure than the percutaneous posterior approach, severe complications such as paraplegia have been reported.
Patient selection bias and inappropriate stent selection leading to false conclusions in the comparison of metal and plastic stents
DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF SOLUBLE TRIGGERING RECEPTOR EXPRESSED ON MYELOID CELLS IN SPONTANEOUS BACTERIAL PERITONITIS
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the role of sTREM-1 molecule in the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with portal type ascites.