Goal: 03 - Sağlık ve Kaliteli Yaşam
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AMAÇ 3: SAĞLIKLI BİREYLER
Çocuk ölüm oranlarının azaltılması, anne sağlığının iyileştirilmesi, HIV/AIDS, sıtma ve diğer hastalıklar ile mücadelede büyük aşama kaydetmiş durumdayız. 1990 yılından bu yana, önlenebilir çocuk ölümlerinde dünya genelinde %50’yi aşan azalma olmuştur. Anne ölümleri de dünya genelinde %45 azalmıştır. 2000 ile 2013 arasında HIV/AIDS bulaşma oranı %30 azalmış, 6,2 milyonu aşkın insan sıtmadan kurtarılmıştır.
Bu ölümler; önleme ve tedavi, eğitim, aşı kampanyaları, cinsel ve üreme sağlığı hizmetleri vasıtasıyla önlenebilir. Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları; AIDS, verem, sıtma ve diğer bulaşıcı hastalık salgınlarını 2030 yılına kadar ortadan kaldırmaya yönelik cesur bir taahhüttür. Amaç, herkesin genel sağlık hizmeti, güvenli ve erişilebilir ilaç ve aşıya kavuşmasını sağlamaktır. Aşı araştırma ve geliştirmelerinin desteklenmesi, bu sürecin vazgeçilmez bir parçasıdır.
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Publication Open Access Role of Probiotics in the Management of COVID-19: A Computational Perspective(2022-01-01T00:00:00Z) Nguyen, Quang Vo; Chong, Li Chuin; Hor, Yan-Yan; Lew, Lee-Ching; Rather, Irfan A.; Choi, Sy-BingCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic at the beginning of 2020, causing millions of deaths worldwide. Millions of vaccine doses have been administered worldwide; however, outbreaks continue. Probiotics are known to restore a stable gut microbiota by regulating innate and adaptive immunity within the gut, demonstrating the possibility that they may be used to combat COVID-19 because of several pieces of evidence suggesting that COVID-19 has an adverse impact on gut microbiota dysbiosis. Thus, probiotics and their metabolites with known antiviral properties may be used as an adjunctive treatment to combat COVID-19. Several clinical trials have revealed the efficacy of probiotics and their metabolites in treating patients with SARS-CoV-2. However, its molecular mechanism has not been unraveled. The availability of abundant data resources and computational methods has significantly changed research finding molecular insights between probiotics and COVID-19. This review highlights computational approaches involving microbiome-based approaches and ensemble-driven docking approaches, as well as a case study proving the effects of probiotic metabolites on SARS-CoV-2.Publication Open Access Analysis of the involvement of the thyroid gland using computed tomography in patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective study(2021-01-01T00:00:00Z) Akkoyunlu, Y.; Kalaycioglu, B.; Yurtsever, I; Eren, A.; Bayram, M.; Mert, A.; Akkoyunlu, M. E.; AKKOYUNLU, YASEMİN; YURTSEVER, İSMAİLObjective: SARS-CoV-2 primarily infects the respiratory tract and leads to severe pneumonia by binding to the ACE-2 receptor. The virus can also interact with ACE-2 receptors expressed in other tissues as in thyroid. This study predicted the complications involving the thyroid in patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2. Patients and methods: Patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection between March 11, 2020-May 31, 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. Sixty-nine patients who were radiologically diagnosed as COVID-19 according to thoracic CT and had previously performed thoracic CT before November 2019 were included in the study according to the exclusion and inclusion criteria. Age and gender-matched controls (No. 69) were selected with normal thoracic CT whose PCR tests were also negative. Thyroid densities of participants were calculated and compared from the previous and current thoracic CTs. Results were also compared with the control group. Results: Participants were composed of 69 patients (39 male, mean age 64.35 years). Thyroid densities were significantly decreased from 89HU to 76HU for whole gland, from 88HU to 76HU for right lobes and from 87.5HU to 75.5HU for left lobes at current thoracic CTs performed during COVID-19 (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001 respectively). The decrease in densities of the whole thyroid gland, both left and right lobes, was correlated with mortality (p<0.001). The changes in thyroid densities were not correlated with age nor gender. The decreases in HU values of thyroid densities for whole gland, left and right lobes, were correlated with mortality (p<0.001, p<0.001, and p<0.001 respectively). Conclusions: COVID-19 is a multi-systemic disease that threatens vital organs, including the thyroid. Future studies are needed to investigate the association between SARS-CoV-2 and other complications.Publication Open Access Circulating furin, IL-6, and presepsin levels and disease severity in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients(2021-06-01T00:00:00Z) Kocyigit, Abdurrahim; Sogut, Ozgur; Kanimdan, Ebru; Guler, Eray Metin; Kaplan, Onur; Eren, Canan; Ozman, Zeynep; Yasar, Oznur; KOÇYİĞİT, ABDÜRRAHİM; BALKAN, EZGİ; KANIMDAN, EBRU; YENİGÜN, VILDAN BETÜL; ÖZMAN, ZEYNEPCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in a vast number of infections and deaths that deeply affect the world. When the virus encounters the host cell, it binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, then the S protein of the virus is broken down by the transmembrane protease serine 2 with the help of furin, allowing the virus to enter the cell. The elevated inflammatory cytokines suggest that a cytokine storm, also known as cytokine release syndrome, may play a major role in the pathology of COVID-19. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between circulating furin levels, disease severity, and inflammation in patients with SARS-CoV-2. A total of 52 SARS-CoV-2 patients and 36 healthy control participants were included in this study. SARS- CoV-2 patients were scored by the disease activity score. Serum furin, presepsin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mean furin, presepsin, and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the peripheral blood of SARS-CoV-2 compared to the controls (p < 0.001). There were close positive relationship between serum furin and IL-6, furin and presepsin, and furin and disease severity (r = 0.793, p < 0001; r = 0.521, p < 0.001; and r = 0,533, p < 0.001, respectively) in patients with SARS-CoV-2. These results suggest that furin may contribute to the exacerbation of SARS-CoV-2 infection and increased inflammation, and could be used as a predictor of disease severity in COVID-19 patients.Publication Open Access Isolation and Characterization of Werneria Chromene and Dihydroxyacidissimol from Burkillanthus malaccensis (Ridl.) Swingle(2022-06-01T00:00:00Z) Zulkipli, Masyitah; Mahbub, Nuzum; FATIMA, AYESHA; Wan-Lin, Stefanie Lim; Khoo, Teng-Jin; Mahboob, Tooba; Rajagopal, Mogana; Samudi, Chandramathi; Kathirvalu, Gheetanjali; Abdullah, Nor Hayati; Pinho, Ana Rita; Oliveira, Sonia M. R.; Pereira, Maria de Lourdes; Rahmatullah, Mohammed; Hasan, Anamul; Paul, Alok K.; Butler, Mark S.; Nawaz, Muhammad; Wilairatana, Polrat; Nissapatorn, Veeranoot; Wiart, Christophe; FATIMA, AYESHAThe secondary metabolites of endemic plants from the Rutaceae family, such as Burkillanthus malaccensis (Ridl.) Swingle from the rainforest of Malaysia, has not been studied. Burkillanthus malaccensis (Ridl.) Swingle may produce antibacterial and antibiotic-potentiating secondary metabolites. Hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts of leaves, bark, wood, pericarps, and endocarps were tested against bacteria by broth microdilution assay and their antibiotic-potentiating activities. Chromatographic separations of hexane extracts of seeds were conducted to investigate effective phytochemicals and their antibacterial activities. Molecular docking studies of werneria chromene and dihydroxyacidissiminol against SARS-CoV-2 virus infection were conducted using AutoDock Vina. The methanol extract of bark inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the minimum inhibitory concentration of 250, 500, and 250 mu g/mL, respectively. The chloroform extract of endocarps potentiated the activity of imipenem against imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. The hexane extract of seeds increased the sensitivity of P. aeruginosa against ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. The hexane extract of seeds and chloroform extract of endocarps were chromatographed, yielding werneria chromene and dihydroxyacidissiminol. Werneria chromene was bacteriostatic for P. aeruginosa and P. putida, with MIC/MBC values of 1000 > 1000 mu g/mL. Dihydroxyacidissiminol showed the predicted binding energies of -8.1, -7.6, -7.0, and -7.5 kcal/mol with cathepsin L, nsp13 helicase, SARS-CoV-2 main protease, and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain S-RBD. Burkillanthus malaccensis (Ridl.) Swingle can be a potential source of natural products with antibiotic-potentiating activity and that are anti-SARS-CoV-2.Publication Open Access Associations between recently diagnosed conditions and hospitalization due to COVID-19 in patients aged 50 years and older- A SHARE-based analysis.(2021-07-12T00:00:00Z) López-Bueno, Rubén; Torres-Castro, Rodrigo; Koyanagi, Ai; Smith, Lee; Soysal, PINAR; Calatayud, Joaquín; SOYSAL, PINARBackground: Only a few studies have been carried out with a large sample size on the relationship between chronic conditions and hospitalization for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and there is no research examining recently diagnosed conditions. Our purpose was to evaluate this association in a large sample including the older population from Europe and Israel. Method: Data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe COVID-19 Survey, a representative survey of individuals aged 50 or older residing in 27 European countries and Israel, were retrieved. Associations between recently diagnosed chronic conditions (ie, conditions detected over the last 3 years) (exposure) and hospitalization due to COVID-19 (outcome) were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Results: A total of 51 514 participants on average 71.0 (SD = 9.2) years old were included. Participants with multimorbidity (ie, 2 or more recently diagnosed conditions) had significantly higher odds for COVID-19 hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.91 [95% CI = 2.14-7.12]). Independent conditions such as lung disease (AOR = 16.94 [95% CI = 9.27-30.95]), heart disease (AOR = 3.29 [95% CI = 1.50-7.21]), or cancer (AOR = 3.45 [95% CI = 1.26-9.48]) showed particularly high odds for hospitalization due to COVID-19. Conclusions: People with recently diagnosed diseases, and in particular those having lung disease, heart disease, or cancer, were significantly more likely to be hospitalized for COVID-19.Publication Open Access Efficacy and safety profile of COVID-19 vaccine in cancer patients: a prospective, multicenter cohort study(2022-01-01T00:00:00Z) YASİN, Ayşe İrem; Aydin, Sabin Goktas; SÜMBÜL, BİLGE; KORAL, LOKMAN; ŞİMŞEK, MELİH; Geredeli, Caglayan; Ozturk, Akin; Perkin, Perihan; Demirtas, Derya; Erdemoglu, Engin; HACIBEKİROĞLU, İLHAN; Cakir, Emre; Tanrikulu, Eda; Coban, Ezgi; Ozcelik, Melike; Celik, Sinemis; Teker, Fatih; AKSOY, ASUDE; Firat, Sedat T.; Tekin, Omer; Kalkan, Ziya; Turken, Orhan; Oven, Bala B.; Dane, Faysal; Bilici, Ahmet; Isikdogan, Abdurrahman; ŞEKER, Mesut; TÜRK, HACI MEHMET; Gumus, Mahmut; YASİN, AYŞE İREM; SÜMBÜL, BİLGE; ŞİMŞEK, MELİH; ŞEKER, MESUT; TÜRK, HACI MEHMETAim: To compare the seropositivity rate of cancer patients with noncancer controls after inactive SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and evaluate the factors affecting seropositivity. Method: Spike IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were measured in blood samples of 776 cancer patients and 715 noncancer volunteers. An IgG level ≥50 AU/ml is accepted as seropositive. Results: The seropositivity rate was 85.2% in the patient group and 97.5% in the control group. The seropositivity rate and antibody levels were significantly lower in the patient group (p < 0.001). Age and chemotherapy were associated with lower seropositivity in cancer patients (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study highlighted the efficacy and safety of the inactivated vaccine in cancer patients.Publication Open Access Cilioretinal artery occlusion with paracentral acute middle maculopathy associated with COVID-19(2021-07-01T00:00:00Z) Bayram, Nurettin; Ozdemir, Hakan; Ozsaygili, Cemal; ÖZDEMİR, MEHMET HAKANThe purpose of the study is to describe cilioretinal artery (CILRA) occlusion that is presumed to be associated with COVID-19 without severe respiratory distress and inform ophthalmologists of unusual ocular presentations of COVID-19. Here, we present the first case of a patient with isolated CILRA occlusion and paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) after recently polymerase chain reaction-proven COVID-19. A 26-year-old female patient presented with a visual field defect in her left eye for 2 days and decreased vision compared to her right eye. It was learned that the patient had a laboratory-proven COVID-19 infection with mild respiratory symptoms that did not require hospitalization 2 weeks ago. Fundus examination revealed retinal edema in the left eye area supplied by the CILRA. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography revealed a prominent hyperreflective band at the inner nuclear layer level. These findings led us to the diagnosis of isolated CILRA occlusion and PAMM associated with recent COVID-19. CILRA occlusion and PAMM could be associated with the inflammatory and procoagulant condition caused by the SARS-CoV-2 infection.Publication Open Access Natural Alkaloids as Potential Anti-Coronavirus Compounds(2020-12-01T00:00:00Z) Topçu, Gülaçtı; Şenol, Halil; Alim Toraman, Gülbahar Özge; Altan, Vecdi Melih; TOPÇU, GÜLAÇTI; ŞENOL, HALIL; ALİM TORAMAN, GÜLBAHAR ÖZGE; ALTAN, VECDİ MELİHCoronaviruses are causative agents of the last three epidemics/pandemic; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and the last one Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Cov-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although meta-analysis of treatment studies against these three coronaviruses found no clear benefit of any spesific regimen, currently, remdesivir and favipiravir are promising potential therapies for SARS-CoV-2. On the other hand, since natural products have always played a crucial role in drug discovery and development process against various diseases, many groups in the world, are now trying to find new or repurposed natural or naturally originated drugs against viruses and coronaviruses. Secondary metabolites of the plants, particularly alkaloids and terpenoids have been exhibited strong antimicrobial and anticancer activities besides synthetic drugs and other natural compounds (nucleosides and nucleotides and bacterial and fungi originated ones). The first isolated secondary metabolites have been converted into important drugs since 1800’s such as morphine, codeine, cocaine, and quinine have alkaloid skeleton as well as some of the recent anticancer drugs vinblastine, vincristine, taxol, etc. This review includes the last two decades of publications about natural alkaloids rather than their plant extracts which showed some promising results against coronaviruses. Marine organisms are also another rich source to discover new lead drugs, however they were excluded in the present review article.Publication Open Access ACE-2, TMPRSS2 and Beyond; Promising Targets and Tools for COVID-19 Prophylaxis and Treatment(2020-12-01T00:00:00Z) Gepdiremen, Ali Akçahan; Kumaş, Meltem; GEPDİREMEN, ALİ AKÇAHANSeveral repurposing drugs and ongoing vaccine researches tocombat Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) are testing clinically,worldwide. COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory failuresyndrome-CoV-2, uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) as a functional receptor for entry into the cells, followed by itspriming by transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). Most ofthe ACE-2 expressing cells are alveolar type II pneumocytes. ViralS-glycoprotein, TMPRSS2 and ACE-2 inhibition, as extracellularmedia components, are potential targets of future therapy. ACE-2 and/or TMPRSS2 blockade is thought to be beneficial in theprevention or treating of this infection which will be the mostconvenient for pharmacoeconomics and effectiveness, regardingsimilar future pandemics. Despite substrate-based design andsynthesis of ACE-2 inhibitor compounds were presented almosttwo decades ago, data on renin angiotensin system activation orits blockers, especially ACE-2, are limited by now. Priority mustbe given to design a convenient vaccine soon, but due to the highmutation ability of such viruses mean that new vaccines may needto be developed for each outbreak. So, de novo drugs such as ACE-2or TMPRSS2 blockers need to be developed which can specificallyblock spike binding sites of the target cells and prevent virusintrusion, especially at the extracellular media, for future pandemics.Publication Open Access SARS CoV-2 Pathogenesis and Immune Response(2020-12-01T00:00:00Z) Dinç, Harika Öykü; Yüksel Mayda, Pelin; DİNÇ, HARİKA ÖYKÜ; YÜKSEL MAYDA, PELİNThe agent responsible for the epidemic that first appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 was detected to be the new coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Later, the virus that caused respiratory tract infection was discovered to be a member of the beta-coronavirus family, it was named as severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV2 (SARS-CoV 2), and the disease it caused was called CoV infection disease-19 (COVID-19). The epidemic started in China, spread rapidly first to East Asian countries, then Europe and America, affected the whole world, and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. This review presents an overview of SARS-CoV2 and aims to examine its intracellular pathogenesis and host immune responses.