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09 - Sanayi, Yenilikçilik ve Altyapı

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Sanayi, Yenilikçilik ve Altyapı Dayanıklı altyapılar tesis etmek, kapsayıcı ve sürdürülebilir sanayileşmeyi desteklemek ve yenilikçiliği güçlendirmek

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    How to overcome barriers to publication in low- and middle-income countries: Recommendations from early career psychiatrists and researchers from around the world
    (2021-12-01T00:00:00Z) El Halabi, Sarah; Abbas, Zargham; Adesokun, Fisayo; Adiukwu, Frances; Ashrafi, Agah; de Filippis, Renato; Handuleh, Jibril; Jaguga, Florence; Karaliuniene, Ruta; KILIÇ, ÖZGE; Nagendrappa, Sachin; Ojeahere, Margaret; Ogunnubi, Oluseun Peter; Ori, Dorottya; Orsolini, Laura; Pereira-Sanchez, Victor; Pinto da Costa, Mariana; Ransing, Ramdas; Shoib, Sheikh; Ullah, Irfan; Vadivel, Ramya; Vahdani, Bita; Ramalho, Rodrigo; KILIÇ, ÖZGE
    There is an increasing movement toward international collaboration and global discussion in mental health. If provided with the right opportunities, early career psychiatrists (ECPs) and researchers in mental health can contribute meaningfully to this discussion. However, they often experience multiple barriers when attempting to add their voices via academic publications. We represent a diverse group of ECPs and researchers from all six World Health Organization regions. In this piece, we discuss these barriers, grounded in our first-hand experiences, and put forth a series of recommendations. The most potentially beneficial and immediate way forward is ensuring a much-needed mentorship and support, particularly for low- and middle-income countries. In this regard, international organizations, especially those with a particular focus on education, such as the Section on Education in Psychiatry of the World Psychiatric Association, can play a pivotal role.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    COVID-19 Pandemic and Surge Capacity
    (2020-08-01T00:00:00Z) Karakoç, Miraç Nevzat; Erdoğan, Özcan; ERDOĞAN, ÖZCAN
    Disasters and pandemics experienced in recent years have shown the importance of emergency preparedness. Effectively responding to events leading to a large influx of patients that disrupt daily operations requires increased capacity. Not much resources may be available to recover losses in the current healthcare system. Therefore, plans should be made for the overflow capacity to accommodate a large number of patients before the disaster. In the face of a complex emergency epidemic, it is very important to identify and verify resources from the beginning of the outbreak in order to scale and use efficiently. It is necessary to make alternative plans and produce solutions against the worst possible scenario. In Coronavirus disease-2019 pandemics, as in all disasters and pandemics, trying to reduce the number of cases for overflow capacity, establishing alternative health facilities, minimizing the resource consumption of patients and increasing the bed capacity should be basic strategies. The need for excess resources arising in the overflow capacity experienced in a pandemic should be evaluated correctly and planning should be done accordingly. Therefore, it is necessary to create alternative areas. Projecting the underground car parks of the hospitals as underground hospitals in case of a nature-related disaster, and evaluating other closed areas within this scope; Again, the parks and reserve areas in the cities should be planned for the establishment of field hospitals against different scenarios against each natural disaster situation. With these plans, physical area demands that will occur in response to the overflow capacity can be supplied.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Global overview of health systems oversight and financing for kidney care
    (2018-02-01) Bello, Aminu K.; Alrukhaimi, Mona; Ashuntantang, Gloria E.; Bellorin-Font, Ezequiel; Gharbi, Mohammed Benghanem; Braam, Branko; Feehally, John; Harris, David C.; Jha, Vivekanand; Jindal, Kailash; Johnson, David W.; Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar; Kazancioglu, RÜMEYZA; Kerr, Peter G.; Lunney, Meaghan; Olanrewaju, Timothy Olusegun; Osman, Mohamed A.; Perl, Jeffrey; Rashid, Harun Ur; Rateb, Ahmed; Rondeau, Eric; Sakajiki, Aminu Muhammad; Samimi, Arian; Sola, Laura; Tchokhonelidze, Irma; Wiebe, Natasha; Yang, Chih-Wei; Ye, Feng; Zemchenkov, Alexander; Zhao, Ming-hui; Levin, Adeera; KAZANCIOĞLU, RÜMEYZA
    Reliable governance and health financing are critical to the abilities of health systems in different countries to sustainably meet the health needs of their peoples, including those with kidney disease. A comprehensive understanding of existing systems and infrastructure is therefore necessary to globally identify gaps in kidney care and prioritize areas for improvement. This multinational, cross-sectional survey, conducted by the ISN as part of the Global Kidney Health Atlas, examined the oversight, financing, and perceived quality of infrastructure for kidney care across the world. Overall, 125 countries, comprising 93% of the world's population, responded to the entire survey, with 122 countries responding to questions pertaining to this domain. National oversight of kidney care was most common in high-income countries while individual hospital oversight was most common in low-income countries. Parts of Africa and the Middle East appeared to have no organized oversight system. The proportion of countries in which health care system coverage for people with kidney disease was publicly funded and free varied for AKI (56%), nondialysis chronic kidney disease (40%), dialysis (63%), and kidney transplantation (57%), but was much less common in lower income countries, particularly Africa and Southeast Asia, which relied more heavily on private funding with out-of-pocket expenses for patients. Early detection and management of kidney disease were least likely to be covered by funding models. The perceived quality of health infrastructure supporting AKI and chronic kidney disease care was rated poor to extremely poor in none of the high-income countries but was rated poor to extremely poor in over 40% of low-income countries, particularly Africa. This study demonstrated significant gaps in oversight, funding, and infrastructure supporting health services caring for patients with kidney disease, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
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    Nutritional Assessment and Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Cancer Patients Treated with Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy
    (2019-06-01T00:00:00Z) Güneş Bayır, Ayşe; Güney, Merve; GÜNEŞ BAYIR, AYŞE
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Global capacity for clinical research in nephrology: a survey by the International Society of Nephrology
    (2018-02-01) Okpechi, Ikechi G.; Alrukhaimi, Mona; Ashuntantang, Gloria E.; Bellorin-Font, Ezequiel; Gharbi, Mohammed Benghanem; Braam, Branko; Feehally, John; Harris, David C.; Jha, Vivekanand; Jindal, Kailash; Johnson, David W.; Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar; Kazancioglu, RÜMEYZA; Levin, Adeera; Lunney, Meaghan; Olanrewaju, Timothy Olusegun; Perkovic, Vlado; Perl, Jeffrey; Rashid, Harun Ur; Rondeau, Eric; Salako, Babatunde lawal; Samimi, Arian; Sola, Laura; Tchokhonelidze, Irma; Wiebe, Natasha; Yang, Chih-Wei; Ye, Feng; Zemchenkov, Alexander; Zhao, Ming-hui; Bello, Aminu K.; KAZANCIOĞLU, RÜMEYZA
    Due to the worldwide rising prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), there is a need to develop strategies through well-designed clinical studies to guide decision making and improve delivery of care to CKD patients. A cross-sectional survey was conducted based on the International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas data. For this study, the survey assessed the capacity of various countries and world regions in participating in and conducting kidney research. Availability of national funding for clinical trials was low (27%, n = 31), with the lowest figures obtained from Africa (7%, n = 2) and South Asia (0%), whereas high-income countries in North America and Europe had the highest participation in clinical trials. Overall, formal training to conduct clinical trials was inadequate for physicians (46%, n = 53) and even lower for nonphysicians, research assistants, and associates in clinical trials (34%, n = 39). There was also diminished availability of workforce and funding to conduct observational cohort studies in nephrology, and participation in highly specialized transplant trials was low in many regions. Overall, the availability of infrastructure (bio-banking and facilities for storage of clinical trial medications) was low, and it was lowest in low-income and lower-middle-income countries. Ethics approval for study conduct was mandatory in 91% (n = 106) of countries and regions, and 62% (n = 66) were reported to have institutional committees. Challenges with obtaining timely approval for a study were reported in 53% (n = 61) of regions but the challenges were similar across these regions. A potential limitation is the possibility of over-reporting or under-reporting due to social desirability bias. This study highlights some of the major challenges for participating in and conducting kidney research and offers suggestions for improving global kidney research.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Medical Education in Epidemic and Disaster Situations
    (2020-11-01T00:00:00Z) Özçelik, Semra; Küçük, Özlem Su; Çakır, Erkan; Kazancıoğlu, Rümeyza; ÖZÇELİK, SEMRA; SU KÜÇÜK, ÖZLEM; ÇAKIR, ERKAN; KAZANCIOĞLU, RÜMEYZA
    There is no standard practice for the sustainability of medical education in epidemics such as Covid-19 and disasters affecting society. Synchronous or asynchronous trainings have been carried out in some of universities and colleges that have distance education technical infrastructure, during the Covid-19 pandemic. If every student has access to information technologies and the skills of the instructors who will prepare and deliver the training increase their ability to use information technologies, there is no problem in the implementation and maintenance of theoretical lessons. During the Covid-19 pandemic, we had to go to distance education, which we had not yet implemented at Bezmialem Vakıf University Faculty of Medicine. During this period, we applied asynchronous and synchronous education models (mixed model) for theoretical lessons. However, the fact that practical and internship applications were carried out by distance education - although videos about skills and practices were shot and uploaded to the system - it was not possible to replace the formal education. Distance education is inevitable for the continuity of education in epidemic and disaster situations. However, after the epidemic and disaster situations have passed, practical and internship practices should be carried out as much as possible in addition to distance education in medical education. In normal times, distance education can only be used to support formal education in medical education. As a result of all these evaluations and experiences we gained in the Covid 19 pandemic, we think that synchronous/synchronous distance education applications will improve over time and contribute to medical education.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    A Comprehensive Review: Molecular and Genetic Background of Indirect Inguinal Hernias
    (2021-04-01T00:00:00Z) SOMUNCU, SALİH; Somuncu, Ozge Sezin; SOMUNCU, SALİH
    Background: The occurrence of indirect inguinal hernias (IIH) is 5 times more prevalent than that of direct inguinal hernias (IH) and it is 7 times more common in males, owing to the attendance of the processus vaginalis (PV) throughout testicular descent. Summary: In children, the immense mainstream of IH is indirect. The progress of IIH development in children is instigated with a patent PV, which is mostly treated by simple herniorrhaphy. Syndromes of the collagen, microfibril, elastin, and glycosaminoglycan constituents of the extracellular matrix may attend to the development of IH. Our recent research showed that the lack of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in children contributes to the development of IIH, while the scenario is defined as the opposite in adults. However, there is still a lack of knowledge on all of the genetic and molecular causes of the disease. Key Messages: Here we aimed to review the published genetic background of IH, the deficiencies of connective tissue causing the disease, recently defined molecular pathways involved including EMT, and possible recurrence reasons. This comprehensive study can deliver an analytic outline aiding to define patients with IH combined with fundamental genetic diseases.
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    A Catalyst for Social Economy: Society 5.0
    (Istanbul University Publication, 2023-02-01) Toker K.; TOKER, KEREM
    As our planet moves towards the middle of the 21st century, it faces a dizzying digital transformation process. This transformation brings along with it unique and innovative solutions to numerous social, organizational, and managerial issues. The most tangible of these solutions so far is the vision of Society 5.0 announced by the Japanese government in 2016. Within this scope, the purpose of this chapter is to develop conceptual insight into the reasons for the emergence, components, and goals of Society 5.0. Up-to-date research and current reports on the topic have been examined in this context, and a conceptual framework is formed. The findings show that many digital tools of Society 5.0 are already used in economies, but policymakers discuss these tools’ human-centered reuse. As a result, a positive futuristic perspective has been drawn that humanity will continue its life on a more habitable planet for decades to come and unite digital and physical space. Keywords: Society 5.0, Social Economy, Digital Transformation