Goal: 02 - Açlığa Son
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AMAÇ 2: AÇLIĞA SON
Son 20 yılda hızlı ekonomik büyüme ve tarımsal verimlilikteki artış, yetersiz beslenen insanların sayısında yarıdan fazla azalma sağlamıştır. Eskiden kıtlık ve açlık çeken gelişmekte olan ülkelerin çoğu, en korunmasız kitlelerin beslenme ihtiyaçlarını artık karşılayabiliyor. Orta ve Doğu Asya, Latin Amerika ve Karayipler’de, aşırı açlığın ortadan kaldırılmasında büyük ilerleme kaydedilmiştir.
Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları, 2030 yılına kadar açlık ve yetersiz beslenmenin her biçimini sona erdirmeyi, başta çocuklar olmak üzere tüm insanların yıl boyunca yeterli besine sahip olmasını hedefliyor. Amaçlar, küçük çiftçilerin desteklenmesi ve arazi, teknoloji ve piyasalara eşit erişimlerini destekleyen sürdürülebilir tarım uygulamalarının teşvik edilmesini kapsıyor. Aynı zamanda, tarımda verimliliği artırmak için altyapı ve teknolojiye yatırım yapılması alanında uluslararası işbirliğini gerektiriyor. Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları kapsamında konulan diğer hedeflerle birlikte, 2030 yılına kadar açlığı ortadan kaldırabiliriz.
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Publication Metadata only Development and validation of a GC-FID method to quantify thymoquinone in black cumin seed oils(2019-01-01T00:00:00Z) Demirbolat, Ilker; KARTAL, MURAT; Karik, Unal; KARTAL, MURATBlack cumin (Nigella sativa L.) is a very popular medicinal plant around the world. Pharmacological effects have been widely studied over the years. It has an economic importance and being cultivated in many parts of Turkey and neighbour countries. Thymoquinone (TQ) is a volatile compound found in black cumin seeds and a major compound of its essential and fixed oils which has been reported as anticancer, antidiabetic, spasmolytic, immunomodulator, bronchodilator, antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant etc. The quality of black cumin seed oil depends on extraction technics (expression, super critic CO2 extraction etc.), quality of seeds, storage time and thymoquinone content. In this study we developed and validated a rapid quantification GC-FID method to determine the thymoquinone levels in seed oils which uses diethyl phthalate (DEP) as an internal standard.Publication Metadata only Variations in fatty acid compositions of the seed oil of Eruca sativa Mill. caused by different sowing periods and nitrogen forms(2010-10-01T00:00:00Z) Ugur, Atnan; Suntar, Ipek; Aslan, Sinem; Orhan, Ilkay Erdogan; Kartal, MURAT; Sekeroglu, Nazim; EŞİYOK, DURSUN; Sener, Bilge; KARTAL, MURATBackground: Eruca is a native plant genus of the South Europe and central Asia where it has been cultivated since centuries. As the genus name implies, the oil is high in erucic acid. Materials and Methods: In this study, our aim was to investigate the effect of sowing periods (autumn and spring) and three forms of the nitrogen-containing fertilizers (manure, calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)(2), 15.5% N], and ammonium sulphate [(NH4)(2)SO4, 21% N]) on fatty acid compositions of the oils obtained from Eruca sativa Mill. seeds cultivated. All oils were obtained by maceration of the seeds with n-hexane at room temperature and converted to their methyl ester derivatives by trans-methylesterification reaction using boron-trifluorur (BF3). The fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) in the oils were detected by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: All the samples analyzed were found to contain quite high amounts of erucic acid ranging between 46.64-54.79%, followed by oleic (17.86-19.95%), palmitic (7.25-10.97%), linoleic (4.23-9.72%), and linolenic (1.98-3.01%) acids. Conclusion: Our data pointed out that there is a statistically important alteration caused by these applications on the contents of only C12:0 and C14:0 found as the minor fatty acids, whereas no other fatty acids in the samples seemed to be affected by those criteria.Publication Metadata only In vitro isoflavonoid production and analysis in natural tetraploid Trifolium pratense (red clover) calluses(2012-09-01T00:00:00Z) Ercetin, Tugba; TOKER, Gulnur; Kartal, MURAT; Colgecen, Hatice; Toker, Mehmet C.; KARTAL, MURATIsoflavones are polyphenolic phytoestrogens, predominantly found in leguminous plants. Trifolium pratense L., Fabaceae (red clover), is rich in isoflavones that possess estrogenic activity due to their similar molecular structure and effectiveness in preventing health conditions such as menopause, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and hormone-dependent cancers. In this study, presence and amount of various phytoestrogens in the tetraploid plant and in the calluses derived from the plants were investigated. Calluses were generated from explants obtained from natural tetraploid T. pratense seedlings. The best callus formation was obtained from hypocotyl explants cultured in Phillips Collins and Gamborg B5 media containing different plant growth regulators. Flowers of plants and calluses were analysed for formononetin, biochanin A, genistein and daidzein contents using HPLC. In HPLC analysis, high levels of formononetin (0.249 mu g/mg) were determined in natural tetraploid T. pratense flowers in addition to genistein and biochanin A. In calluses, highest isoflavone content (1.15 mu g/mg formononetin) was observed in modified Gamborg B5 medium. Biochanin A content of calluses and the plant were found to be nearly the same. But formononetin and genistein contents of the calluses in this medium were found to be respectively 4.62 and 21.39 folds higher than the tetraploid plant.Publication Metadata only Investigation the fatty acid profile of commercial black cumin seed oils and seed oil capsules: Application to real samples(2019-07-01T00:00:00Z) Isik, Selin; Erdem, Sinem Aslan; KARTAL, MURAT; KARTAL, MURATMedicinal and aromatic plants are widely used around the world. Today, Black cumin ( Nigella sativa L.), one of the most popular medicinal plants, offers numerous benefits for human health. Black cumin oil has known to be used for the treatment of asthma, hypertension, cancer, rheumatism, and headaches over the course of many years. In this study, ten different black cumin seed oils and seed oil capsules, which have been obtained from local markets in Turkey, were investigated for their fatty acid profiles as percentages via gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). According to the results obtained, the major fatty acids found in capsules and oil samples were similar with small differences in terms of amount; linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids were found as major compounds; 35.27-58.15%, 25.06-51.83%, 7.29-12.88 % in oil samples; 36.67-56.61%, 24.93-46.71%, and 7.90-12.71% in seed oils capsule samples, respectively. This is the first study determining the fatty acid percentages of commercial black cumin seed oil and seed oil capsules.Publication Metadata only Investigation on Compositions of Seed Oil and Yield of Silymarin of Seeds from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Cultivated in Konya Ecological Conditions(2011-08-01T00:00:00Z) Celik, S.; Kan, Y.; Kartal, MURAT; KARTAL, MURATPublication Metadata only Effect of priming on thymoquinone content and in vitro plant regeneration with tissue culture of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds(2018-07-01T00:00:00Z) Rezaei, Fereshteh; Isik, Selin; KARTAL, MURAT; Erdem, Sinem Aslan; KARTAL, MURATThe aim of this study is to analyze the changes on thymoquinone content, which is the major constituent of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds, by using priming methods. For the priming studies, seeds placed in distilled water (18 - 20 hours), PEG (Polyethylene glycol 10%, 20%) and mannitol (4% and 6%) for 20 hours and subsequently dried for 24 hours on blotting paper at room temperature (24 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C). The best priming results were obtained in the 4% of mannitol treatment. Control (not primed) Nigella seeds and 4% of mannitol primed seeds were planted in both greenhouse and farm conditions. Seed extracts were analyzed with HPLC to compare the amount of thymoquinone. The results reveal that seed priming with 4% of mannitol increases the amount of thymoquinone in Nigella sativa. In addition, the effects of plant growth hormones on callus regeneration of these primed seeds were investigated herein. (C) 2018 ACG Publications. All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only In Vitro Antimicrobial Activities of Cicer arietinum L (Chickpea)(2010-10-01T00:00:00Z) Kan, A.; Ozcelik, B.; Kartal, MURAT; Ozdemir, Z. A.; Ozgen, S.; KARTAL, MURATPurpose: To evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activities of the extracts of the seed, fruit skin and aerial parts of ten registered varieties of Cicer arietinum (Chickpea)Publication Metadata only In vitro prospective effects of various traditional herbal coffees consumed in Anatolia linked to neurodegeneration(2012-01-01T00:00:00Z) Sekeroglu, Nazim; Senol, F. Sezer; Orhan, Ilkay Erdogan; Gulpinar, A. Rifat; Kartal, MURAT; Sener, Bilge; KARTAL, MURATVarious herbal coffee varieties are consumed traditionally in Turkey. In the current study, the ethanol extracts of the coffee and seed samples obtained from Gundelia tournefortii (tumble thistle), Nigella sativa (black cumin), Phoenix dactylifera (date), and Ceratonia siliqua (carob) as well as a sample of instant coffee (Nescafe (R), green blend) were tested against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and tyrosinase, the enzymes connected to neurodegeneration. Since oxidative stress is strongly associated with neurodegeneration, antioxidant activity of the extracts was also determined. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was measured using anti-radical and metal-related methods. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were calculated using Folin-Ciocalteau-s and AlCl3 reagents, respectively. Fatty acid compositions of the seed oils of tumble thistle and black seed were analyzed by GC-MS. Our results showed that the date sample exerted the highest AChE and BChE inhibition at 300 mu g mL(-1) (52.96% and 83.22%, respectively). (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.