Goal:
02 - Açlığa Son

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AMAÇ 2: AÇLIĞA SON Son 20 yılda hızlı ekonomik büyüme ve tarımsal verimlilikteki artış, yetersiz beslenen insanların sayısında yarıdan fazla azalma sağlamıştır. Eskiden kıtlık ve açlık çeken gelişmekte olan ülkelerin çoğu, en korunmasız kitlelerin beslenme ihtiyaçlarını artık karşılayabiliyor. Orta ve Doğu Asya, Latin Amerika ve Karayipler’de, aşırı açlığın ortadan kaldırılmasında büyük ilerleme kaydedilmiştir. Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları, 2030 yılına kadar açlık ve yetersiz beslenmenin her biçimini sona erdirmeyi, başta çocuklar olmak üzere tüm insanların yıl boyunca yeterli besine sahip olmasını hedefliyor. Amaçlar, küçük çiftçilerin desteklenmesi ve arazi, teknoloji ve piyasalara eşit erişimlerini destekleyen sürdürülebilir tarım uygulamalarının teşvik edilmesini kapsıyor. Aynı zamanda, tarımda verimliliği artırmak için altyapı ve teknolojiye yatırım yapılması alanında uluslararası işbirliğini gerektiriyor. Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları kapsamında konulan diğer hedeflerle birlikte, 2030 yılına kadar açlığı ortadan kaldırabiliriz.

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    Yutma Güçlüğü Olan Hastaların Klinik Semptomları ve İlişkili Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi
    (2019-11-17T00:00:00Z) Tanrıverdi, Müberra; TANRIVERDİ, MÜBERRA; ÇALIM, ÖMER FARUK; ÖZTURAN, ORHAN
    Amaç: Disfaji; yetersiz beslenme, dehidratasyon, kilo kaybı ve kronik aspirasyonun önemli bir nedenidir. Birçok farklı hastalığa eşlik eden bozukluğun değerlendirme ve tedavisi birçok değişik yöntemle sağlanmaktadır. Çalışmamızda amacımız, kliniğimize disfaji şikayeti ile başvuran bu hastaların demografik ve klinik bilgilerinin öğrenilmesiyle doğru ayrıntılı değerlendirme ve tedaviye yönelik yardımcı olabilmektir. Gereç ve yöntem: Disfaji polikliniğimize başvuran hastalarımızın yaş, cinsiyet, vb demografik bilgileri ve kliniğe başvurmalarına neden olan semptomlarını içeren klinik bilgileri sorgulanarak kaydedildi. Hastaların oral motor disfonsiyon (OMD) açısından değerlendirmeleri fizyoterapist tarafından gerçekleştirildi. Fleksible fiberoptik endoskopik değerlendirmeleri, penetrasyon aspirasyon skalası (PAS) ölçümü ile yapıldı. Bulgular: Elde edilen verilen analizinde 40’ı (%46,5) kadın, 46’sı (%53,5) erkek toplam 86 hasta değerlendirildi. Hastaların yaş dağılımlarına göre %54,9’u yaşı küçük (0-17 yıl), %35,1’si genç insan (18-65 yıl), %7,2’i orta yaşlı (66-79 yıl), %2,8’si yaşlı (80-99 yıl) idi. Hastaların %60,4’ü oral, %28’i nazogastrik sonda (NG), %11,6’sı peruktan endoskopik gastrostomi tüpü (PEG) ile besleniyordu. OMD sonuçlarına göre; %26,75’inin fonksiyonel sınırlar, %37,25’inin hafif bozukluk, %26,75’inin orta derecede bozukluk, %9,25’inin şiddetli bozukluk içinde olduğu bulundu. PAS sonuç ortalaması 3,55±2,432 (min=1, max=8) idi. Hastaların OMD sonuçları ile PAS skorları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık (r=0,656; p<0,001) bulundu. Sonuç: Sonuçlarımıza göre klinik tanılamanın doğru semptomların değerlendirilmesinde önemli olduğu, gerekli tedavinin ve yönlendirmenin yapılması için detaylı çalışmaların yapılması gerektiği görülmüştür. Oral motor disfonksiyon açısından şüphelenilen hastaların yutma testinin yapılması klinik değerlendirme açısından anlamlıdır. Multidisipliner ekiplerle birlikte yapılacak değerlendirmelerin klinik tedaviye daha ulaşılabilir sonuçlar doğuracağı görüşündeyiz.
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    A Catalyst for Social Economy: Society 5.0
    (Istanbul University Publication, 2023-02-01) Toker K.; TOKER, KEREM
    As our planet moves towards the middle of the 21st century, it faces a dizzying digital transformation process. This transformation brings along with it unique and innovative solutions to numerous social, organizational, and managerial issues. The most tangible of these solutions so far is the vision of Society 5.0 announced by the Japanese government in 2016. Within this scope, the purpose of this chapter is to develop conceptual insight into the reasons for the emergence, components, and goals of Society 5.0. Up-to-date research and current reports on the topic have been examined in this context, and a conceptual framework is formed. The findings show that many digital tools of Society 5.0 are already used in economies, but policymakers discuss these tools’ human-centered reuse. As a result, a positive futuristic perspective has been drawn that humanity will continue its life on a more habitable planet for decades to come and unite digital and physical space. Keywords: Society 5.0, Social Economy, Digital Transformation
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    Relationship Between Nutritional Status and Insomnia Severity in Older Adults.
    (2019-05-01) ISIK, Ahmet Turan; SOYSAL, PINAR; Smith, Lee; Dokuzlar, Ozge; SOYSAL, PINAR
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    In vitro biological activities and fatty acid profiles of Pistacia terebinthus fruits and Pistacia khinjuk seeds
    (2015-03-04) Hacibekiroglu, IŞIL; Yilmaz, Pelin Koseoglu; Hasimi, Nesrin; Kilinc, Ersin; Tolan, Veysel; Kolak, Ufuk; GAZİOĞLU, IŞIL
    This study reports in vitro anticholinesterase, antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of the n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethanol and ethanol-water extracts prepared from Pistacia terebinthus L. fruits and Pistacia khinjuk Stocks seeds as well as their total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and fatty acid compositions. Ethanol and ethanol-water extracts of both species exhibited higher anticholinesterase activity than galanthamine. Among ABTS, DPPH and CUPRAC assays, the highest antioxidant capacity of the extracts was found in the last one. P. terebinthus ethanol extract being rich in flavonoid content showed the best cupric reducing effect. All extracts possessed no antimicrobial activity. The main fatty acid in P. terebinthus fruits (52.52%) and P. khinjuk seeds (59.44%) was found to be oleic acid. Our results indicate that P. terebinthus fruits and P. khinjuk seeds could be a good source of anticholinesterase compounds, and could be phytochemically investigated.
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    Association between food insecurity and depression among older adults from low- and middle-income countries.
    (2021-03-09T00:00:00Z) Smith, Lee; Il Shin, Jae; McDermott, Daragh; Jacob, Louis; Barnett, Yvonne; López-Sánchez, Guillermo F; Veronese, Nicola; Yang, Lin; Soysal, PINAR; Oh, Hans; Grabovac, Igor; Koyanagi, Ai; SOYSAL, PINAR
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    Fatty-acid compositions of Silene vulgaris and S. Cserei subsp. Aeoniopsis seeds and their antimicrobial activities
    (2010-03-01T00:00:00Z) Kucukboyaci, N.; Ozcelik, B.; Adiguzel, N.; Goren, AHMET CEYHAN; GÖREN, AHMET CEYHAN
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    BENIGN ESOPHAGEAL STRICTURES
    (Akademisyen Kitabevi, 2021-09-01) Akdemir O. C.; Soysal Ö.; AKDEMİR, OSMAN CEMİL
    An esophageal stricture refers to the abnormal narrowing of the esophageal lumen. It often presents as dysphagia commonly described by patients as difficulty in swallowing. It is a serious sequela to many different disease processes and underlying etiologies. Benign means that it is not caused by cancer of the esophagus, and subjects to inflammation, esophagitis, and scar tissue, which causes the esophagus to narrow. Its recognition and management should be prompt.These strictures have a negative impact on the quality of life of patients, mainly because of dysphagia and may lead to severe complications, such as malnutrition, weight loss and aspiration. Endoscopic dilation with bougies or balloons is initial standard treatment for such lesions.Esophagectomy is rarely needed for benign conditions. Usually reserved for end-stage disease, when the esophagus is either severely non-functional or when quality of life is very poor. In these circumstances esophagectomy is a good option to consider and it is associated with encouraging success rates and improved quality of life. Depending on the specific disease leading to organ failure, peculiar technical issues should be carefully evaluated in order to avoid complications and optimize results
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    In vitro isoflavonoid production and analysis in natural tetraploid Trifolium pratense (red clover) calluses
    (2012-09-01T00:00:00Z) Ercetin, Tugba; TOKER, Gulnur; Kartal, MURAT; Colgecen, Hatice; Toker, Mehmet C.; KARTAL, MURAT
    Isoflavones are polyphenolic phytoestrogens, predominantly found in leguminous plants. Trifolium pratense L., Fabaceae (red clover), is rich in isoflavones that possess estrogenic activity due to their similar molecular structure and effectiveness in preventing health conditions such as menopause, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and hormone-dependent cancers. In this study, presence and amount of various phytoestrogens in the tetraploid plant and in the calluses derived from the plants were investigated. Calluses were generated from explants obtained from natural tetraploid T. pratense seedlings. The best callus formation was obtained from hypocotyl explants cultured in Phillips Collins and Gamborg B5 media containing different plant growth regulators. Flowers of plants and calluses were analysed for formononetin, biochanin A, genistein and daidzein contents using HPLC. In HPLC analysis, high levels of formononetin (0.249 mu g/mg) were determined in natural tetraploid T. pratense flowers in addition to genistein and biochanin A. In calluses, highest isoflavone content (1.15 mu g/mg formononetin) was observed in modified Gamborg B5 medium. Biochanin A content of calluses and the plant were found to be nearly the same. But formononetin and genistein contents of the calluses in this medium were found to be respectively 4.62 and 21.39 folds higher than the tetraploid plant.
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    Cytotoxic, Genetoxic and Apoptotic Effects of Rhus Seed Extract on Mouse Malignant Melanoma Cells (B16F10)
    (2017-03-14T00:00:00Z) Duman, Feyza Funda; GÜLER, ERAY METİN; KOÇYİĞİT, ABDÜRRAHİM; GÜLER, ERAY METİN; KOÇYİĞİT, ABDÜRRAHİM
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    Correlation of Body Composition Analysis with Anthropometric Measurements in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
    (2022-01-01T00:00:00Z) ARTAN, AYŞE SERRA; GÜRSU, Meltem; ELÇİOĞLU, Ömer Celal; YABACI TAK, AYŞEGÜL; KAZANCIOĞLU, Rümeyza; ARTAN, AYŞE SERRA; GÜRSU, MELTEM; ELÇİOĞLU, ÖMER CELAL; YABACI TAK, AYŞEGÜL; KAZANCIOĞLU, RÜMEYZA
    Objective: This study investigates correlations between different methods for diagnosis of protein energy malnutrition (PEM) in peritoneal dialysis patients. Methods: Twenty four patients were included. Patients with amputations, infections, peritonitis, malignancies and PD duration less than three months were excluded. Physical examination findings, laboratory results and anthropometric measurements were recorded. Body composition analysis was performed with multi-frequency bioimpedance analyzer. Dialysis malnutrition score (DMS) was calculated. The correlations of different parameters were searched. Results: Eleven patients were female and 13 patients were male. Mean age was 58.9±12.6 years. Median dialysis duration was 25 (interquartile range: 14) months. Protein percentage was negatively correlated with fat percentage (r=-0.785; p<0.001), triceps skinfold thickness (SFT) (r=-0.641; p<0.001), biceps SFT (r=-0.685; p<0.001), body mass index (BMI) (r=-0.867; p<0.001), mid-arm circumference (r=-0.680; p=0.001). Fat percentage was positively correlated with BMI (r=0.780; p<0.001), biceps SFT (r=0.817; p<0.001), triceps SFT (r=0.901; p<0.001) and mid-arm circumference (r=0.558; p=0.005) Albumin was negatively correlated with DMS (r= -0.439; p=0.032). DMS and albumin were not correlated with bioimpedance and anthropometry Conclusion: Albumin is a marker of PEM in PD patients. Malnutrition scores may be used as adjunct methods. Increase in fat mass and percentage may influence the interpretation of anthropometric measurements.