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EŞREFOĞLU, MUKADDES

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    PublicationOpen Access
    Comparison of Small-diameter-hole and Traditional Microfracture in Cartilage Repair and the Effect of Adding a Hyaluronic Acid-based Acellular Matrix Scaffold: An Animal Study
    (2021-03-01T00:00:00Z) UÇAN, VAHDET; YILDIZ, FATİH; ELMADAĞ, Nuh Mehmet; UZER, GÖKÇER; GÜZEL, YUNUS; TOK, OLGU ENİS; Mukaddes, E.; UÇAN, VAHDET; YILDIZ, FATİH; ELMADAĞ, NUH MEHMET; UZER, GÖKÇER; TOK, OLGU ENİS; EŞREFOĞLU, MUKADDES
    Objective: Since, there is no standardized technique for the treatment of focal cartilage defects that can recreate original cartilage tissue; researchers continue to explore and evaluate various treatment modalities. This study compared post-operatke healing of cartilage defects after treatment with small-diameter-hole microfracture (SDHM) technique with that of traditional microfracture technique. The effects of the hole density and augmentation with hyaluronic acid-based acellular matrix (HA-based AM) on cartilage healing were also investigated. Methods: Articular cartilage defects measuring 5 mm in diameter and 3 mm in depth were created in each femoral trochlear groove of 21 New Zealand rabbits. Rabbits were assigned to seven groups comprising six knees each. The rabbits were sacrificed 12 weeks later, and the regenerated cartilage was harvested for histological evaluation using the Wakitani scoring system. Results: All defects were filled with regenerated tissue macroscopically. Group I (14; range 10-14 points) had significantly higher Wakitani score than in groups VI (6; range 1-11 points) and VII (5; range 3-10 points) (p=0.043 and p=0.016, respectively). No significant differences were observed among the other groups. Augmentation with HA-based AM did not contribute to cartilage healing. Conclusion: Improved cartilage healing was observed with increasing SDHM density than with traditional microfracture technique. SDHM combined with HA-based AM implantation did not improve the quality of the regenerated cartilage.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Effects of Cichorium Intybus on GABAA Receptors and Apoptosis in Pentyleneterazole-PTZ Kindling in Rats.
    (2021-08-01T00:00:00Z) Meral, İsmail; Eşrefoğlu, Mukaddes; Kara, Mehmet; Erkeç, Özlem Ergül; Tok, Olgu Enis; Armağan, Metin; MERAL, İSMAİL; EŞREFOĞLU, MUKADDES; ÜSTÜNOVA, SAVAŞ
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    PublicationOpen Access
    The Cell Membrane: A Historical Narration
    (2020-01-01T00:00:00Z) KALKAN, KÜBRA TUĞÇE; EŞREFOĞLU, MUKADDES; KALKAN, KÜBRA TUĞÇE; EŞREFOĞLU, MUKADDES
    The discovery of the structural elements of the cell has been entirely dependent on technological inventions. Although the discovery of cell membranes is thought to be in parallel with the discovery of microscopes, this is not exactly true. In the early 1660s, Robert Hooke made his first observation using a light microscope. In 1665, he examined a piece of fungus under a light microscope and he called each space as -cellula-. It was not already possible for him to see cell membranes with the primitive light microscope he used in this study. Also because the cells he was trying to study were plant cells, the lines that actually bounded the -cellula- were not the cell membrane, but the cell wall.In the following years,in addition to the microscopic observations, various physio-chemical studies were done in order to explore the structural and functional properties of the plasma membranes. In this review, the historical journey of the plasma membrane was summarized.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Antioxidant and toxicological in-vivo and in-vitro examination of licorice extract
    (2016-09-01) Bektay, MUHAMMED YUNUS; Uckaya, FATİH; Guler, E. M.; Bayindir, NİHAN; Kocyigit, ABDÜRRAHİM; Esrefoglu, MUKADDES; Topcu, GÜLAÇTI; BEKTAY, MUHAMMED YUNUS; UÇKAYA, FATİH; GÜLER, ERAY METİN; BAYINDIR, NİHAN; KOÇYİĞİT, ABDÜRRAHİM; EŞREFOĞLU, MUKADDES; TOPÇU, GÜLAÇTI
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Protective Effects of Curcumin on Cadmium-Induced Renal Injury in Young and Aged Rats
    (2016-12-01) Kumas, MELTEM; Esrefoglu, MUKADDES; Bayindir, NİHAN; Iraz, Meryem; Ayhan, Siddika; Meydan, SEDAT; KUMAŞ, MELTEM; EŞREFOĞLU, MUKADDES; BAYINDIR, NİHAN; MEYDAN, SEDAT
    Objective: We aimed to investigate the protective effects of curcumin (Cr) against cadmium (Cd) toxicity on the kidneys of both young and aged rats. Methods: Forty-eight young and aged female Spraque–Dawley rats were divided into control, Cd, Cr, and Cd+Cr groups. We investigated kidney damage using a histopathological scoring system and measured total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), procalcitonin (PCT), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Results: Kidney tissues of Cd groups showed acute histopathological alterations. Cr improved Cd-induced histopathological changes (p<0.05). The highest mean TAS was recorded in both the Cr groups. The highest mean TOS was recorded only in the aged Cd group. Cr decreased IL-6 levels in both the Cd+Cr groups (p<0.05). PCT levels in the Cd groups were higher than those in the control groups. Significance was detected only between the young Cd and control groups (p<0.05). PCT levels were reduced in both the Cd+Cr groups (p<0.05). CRP levels in the aged Cd group were higher than those in the other groups (p<0.05). Cr reduced CRP levels only in the aged Cd+Cr group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that Cr prevents Cd-induced renal oxidative damage in both young and aged rats.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Development of Liver and Pancreas
    (2017-01-01) EŞREFOĞLU, MUKADDES; TAŞLIDERE, ELİF; CETIN, ASLI; EŞREFOĞLU, MUKADDES; TAŞLIDERE, ELİF
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Investigation of dose-dependent effects of berberine against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in experimental diabetic rats
    (2019-01-01) Kanbay, Songül; KUMAŞ, MELTEM; EŞREFOĞLU, MUKADDES; Karataş, Ersin; Duymaç, Nurcihan; ERGÜN, İLYAS SAMET; ÜYÜKLÜ, MEHMET; KOÇYİĞİT, ABDÜRRAHİM; KUMAŞ, MELTEM; EŞREFOĞLU, MUKADDES; ERGÜN, İLYAS SAMET; ÜYÜKLÜ, MEHMET; KOÇYİĞİT, ABDÜRRAHİM
    Background: Ischemia-reperfusion injury causes various severe morphological and functional changes in diabetic patients. To date, numerous antidiabetic and antioxidant agents have been used for treatment of the disease-related changes. Objectives: We aimed to examine effective therapeutic doses or doses of berberine against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model by histopathological and biochemical analysis. Methods: Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats were treated with STZ injection for the development of diabetes, and divided into the following groups: STZ-induced diabetic group (STZ); IRI-induced diabetic group (STZ+IRI); 50mg/kg berberine (BRB) treated diabetic group after inducing IRI (STZ+IRI+BRB1); 100mg/kg BRB treated diabetic group after IRI (STZ+IRI+BRB2); 150mg/kg BRB treated diabetic group after IRI (STZ+IRI+BRB3). Bilateral renal ischemia model was applied for 45min, then reperfusion was allowed for 14 days in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Renal injury was detected histopathologically. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were measured in serum using the ELISA method. Total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) of renal tissue was studied by spectrophotometric assay. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated as TOS-to-TAS ratio. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), Na+/K+-ATPase (sodium pump), and Ca2+-ATPase (calcium ATPase) enzyme levels were measured in tissues using the ELISA method. Anti-apoptotic Bax and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein levels were detected by Western blot analysis. All data were evaluated statistically. Results: The highest histopathological score was detected in the STZ+IRI group compared to the other group. BRB administration at the doses of 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg markedly improved renal injury. BUN and creatinine levels significantly increased in the STZ+IRI group compared to the STZ group (p<0.001). 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg BRB administration significantly decreased those levels (p<0.01). The highest TOS and the lowest TAS levels were detected in the STZ+IRI group (p<0.001). IRI markedly aggravated inflammation via increasing levels of TNF-α and CRP (<0.001), and caused apoptosis via inducing Bcl-2 protein, and suppressing Bax protein (p<0.001). BRB administration at the doses of 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg showed anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects (p<0.01). The LDH enzyme, was used as a necrosis marker, was higher in the STZ+IRI group than other groups. BRB administration at all of the doses, resulted in the decline of LDH enzyme level (p<0.001). Ca2+-ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase enzyme activities decreased in the STZ+IRI group compared to the STZ group (p<0.001), while BRB administration at the doses of 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg significantly increased those of enzyme activities, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion: Ischemia with diabetes caused severe histopathological and biochemical damage in renal tissue. The high doses of berberine markedly improved histopathological findings, regulated kidney function via decreasing BUN and creatinine levels, and rearranged intercellular ion concentration via increasing Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+- ATPase levels. Berberine showed anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. According to these data, we suggest that berberine at the doses of 100 and 150mg may be used as a potential therapeutic agent to prevent renal ischemic injury.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    The Golgi Apparatus with the Historical Point of View
    (2021-07-01T00:00:00Z) EŞREFOĞLU, MUKADDES; EŞREFOĞLU, MUKADDES
    Scientists were introduced to the Golgi apparatus (GA) in 1898, when it was discovered by Camillo Golgi in 1898 as a -cytoplasmic reticular network-. Researchers heard Camillo Golgi-s name not only because of the GA, but also because of many definitions such as Golgi silver impregnation techniques, Golgi type I and II cells, Golgi cells of the cerebellum, and Golgi tendon organ. In fact, although the GA beared the name of this scientist, many scientists did numerous studies on the morphological and functional properties of this unique organelle before him, simultaneously with him or after him. Despite the simple technical possibilities of the old times, the scientists, whom we gratefully commemorated, obtained magnificent findings about the GA and presented them to the world of science. In this short article, which was a review, the following historical developments, starting from the discovery of the GA, were summarized.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Experimental and clinical evidence of antioxidant therapy in acute pancreatitis
    (2012-10-21) Esrefoglu, MUKADDES; EŞREFOĞLU, MUKADDES
    Oxidative stress has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP). Antioxidants, alone or in combination with conventional therapy, should improve oxidative-stress-induced organ damage and therefore accelerate the rate of recovery. In recent years, substantial amounts of data about the efficiency of antioxidants against oxidative damage have been obtained from experiments with rodents. Some of these antioxidants have been found beneficial in the treatment of AP in humans; however, at present there is insufficient clinical data to support the benefits of antioxidants, alone or in combination with conventional therapy, in the management of AP in humans. Conflicting results obtained from experimental animals and humans may represent distinct pathophysiological mechanisms mediating tissue injury in different species. Further detailed studies should be done to clarify the exact mechanisms of tissue injury in human AP. Herein I tried to review the existing experimental and clinical studies on AP in order to determine the efficiency of antioxidants. The use of antioxidant enriched nutrition is a potential direction of clinical research in AP given the lack of clues about the efficiency and safety of antioxidant usage in patients with AP
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Role of stem cells in repair of liver injury: experimental and clinical benefit of transferred stem cells on liver failure.
    (2013-10-28) Esrefoglu, MUKADDES; EŞREFOĞLU, MUKADDES
    Although the liver has a high regenerative capacity, as a result of massive hepatocyte death, liver failure occurs. In addition to liver failure, for acute, chronic and hereditary diseases of the liver, cell transplantation therapies can stimulate regeneration or at least ensure sufficient function until liver transplantation can be performed. The lack of donor organs and the risks of rejection have prompted extensive experimental and clinical research in the field of cellular transplantation. Transplantation of cell lineages involved in liver regeneration, including mature hepatocytes, fetal hepatocytes, fetal liver progenitor cells, fetal stem cells, hepatic progenitor cells, hepatic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood stem cells, have been found to be beneficial in the treatment of liver failure. In this article, the results of experimental and clinical cell transplantation trials for liver failure are reviewed, with an emphasis on regeneration. © 2013 Baishideng. All rights reserved. Key words: Liver regeneration; Liver failure; Stem cell Core tip: Although the liver has a high regenerative capacity, as a result of massive hepatocyte death, liver failure occurs. In recent years, there has been extensive experimental and clinical research in the field of cellular transplantation. Transplantation of cell lineages involved in liver regeneration, including mature and fetal hepatocytes, fetal liver progenitor and stem cells, hepatic progenitor and stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood stem cells, have been found to be beneficial for treating of liver failure. Herein, I review the results of experimental and clinical cell transplantation trials for liver failure.