Person: EŞREFOĞLU, MUKADDES
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Publication Open Access Comparison of Small-diameter-hole and Traditional Microfracture in Cartilage Repair and the Effect of Adding a Hyaluronic Acid-based Acellular Matrix Scaffold: An Animal Study(2021-03-01T00:00:00Z) UÇAN, VAHDET; YILDIZ, FATİH; ELMADAĞ, Nuh Mehmet; UZER, GÖKÇER; GÜZEL, YUNUS; TOK, OLGU ENİS; Mukaddes, E.; UÇAN, VAHDET; YILDIZ, FATİH; ELMADAĞ, NUH MEHMET; UZER, GÖKÇER; TOK, OLGU ENİS; EŞREFOĞLU, MUKADDESObjective: Since, there is no standardized technique for the treatment of focal cartilage defects that can recreate original cartilage tissue; researchers continue to explore and evaluate various treatment modalities. This study compared post-operatke healing of cartilage defects after treatment with small-diameter-hole microfracture (SDHM) technique with that of traditional microfracture technique. The effects of the hole density and augmentation with hyaluronic acid-based acellular matrix (HA-based AM) on cartilage healing were also investigated. Methods: Articular cartilage defects measuring 5 mm in diameter and 3 mm in depth were created in each femoral trochlear groove of 21 New Zealand rabbits. Rabbits were assigned to seven groups comprising six knees each. The rabbits were sacrificed 12 weeks later, and the regenerated cartilage was harvested for histological evaluation using the Wakitani scoring system. Results: All defects were filled with regenerated tissue macroscopically. Group I (14; range 10-14 points) had significantly higher Wakitani score than in groups VI (6; range 1-11 points) and VII (5; range 3-10 points) (p=0.043 and p=0.016, respectively). No significant differences were observed among the other groups. Augmentation with HA-based AM did not contribute to cartilage healing. Conclusion: Improved cartilage healing was observed with increasing SDHM density than with traditional microfracture technique. SDHM combined with HA-based AM implantation did not improve the quality of the regenerated cartilage.Publication Open Access Effects of Cichorium Intybus on GABAA Receptors and Apoptosis in Pentyleneterazole-PTZ Kindling in Rats.(2021-08-01T00:00:00Z) Meral, İsmail; Eşrefoğlu, Mukaddes; Kara, Mehmet; Erkeç, Özlem Ergül; Tok, Olgu Enis; Armağan, Metin; MERAL, İSMAİL; EŞREFOĞLU, MUKADDES; ÜSTÜNOVA, SAVAŞPublication Open Access The Cell Membrane: A Historical Narration(2020-01-01T00:00:00Z) KALKAN, KÜBRA TUĞÇE; EŞREFOĞLU, MUKADDES; KALKAN, KÜBRA TUĞÇE; EŞREFOĞLU, MUKADDESThe discovery of the structural elements of the cell has been entirely dependent on technological inventions. Although the discovery of cell membranes is thought to be in parallel with the discovery of microscopes, this is not exactly true. In the early 1660s, Robert Hooke made his first observation using a light microscope. In 1665, he examined a piece of fungus under a light microscope and he called each space as -cellula-. It was not already possible for him to see cell membranes with the primitive light microscope he used in this study. Also because the cells he was trying to study were plant cells, the lines that actually bounded the -cellula- were not the cell membrane, but the cell wall.In the following years,in addition to the microscopic observations, various physio-chemical studies were done in order to explore the structural and functional properties of the plasma membranes. In this review, the historical journey of the plasma membrane was summarized.Publication Open Access The Golgi Apparatus with the Historical Point of View(2021-07-01T00:00:00Z) EŞREFOĞLU, MUKADDES; EŞREFOĞLU, MUKADDESScientists were introduced to the Golgi apparatus (GA) in 1898, when it was discovered by Camillo Golgi in 1898 as a -cytoplasmic reticular network-. Researchers heard Camillo Golgi-s name not only because of the GA, but also because of many definitions such as Golgi silver impregnation techniques, Golgi type I and II cells, Golgi cells of the cerebellum, and Golgi tendon organ. In fact, although the GA beared the name of this scientist, many scientists did numerous studies on the morphological and functional properties of this unique organelle before him, simultaneously with him or after him. Despite the simple technical possibilities of the old times, the scientists, whom we gratefully commemorated, obtained magnificent findings about the GA and presented them to the world of science. In this short article, which was a review, the following historical developments, starting from the discovery of the GA, were summarized.Publication Open Access Effects of Gold Nanoparticles on Angiogenesis in A Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane Model(2020-08-01T00:00:00Z) Cırık, Samet; Elesad, Musa; Başar, Ebrar; Aksu, Elif; Erdem, Muaz; Yıldıztekin, Faruk; Menekşe, Sinan; Çelikel, Rıdvan; İpek, Mehmet Yusuf; Fermanlı, Orhan; Eşrefoğlu, Mukaddes; EŞREFOĞLU, MUKADDESObjective: Today, nanotechnology is widely used in many fields because of its ability to alter the structure of molecules at the atomic level. Metallic nanoparticles attracted great attention from researchers because of their unique properties. Based on the notable features of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), they have long been evaluated as a potential diagnostic tool for several cancers and for drug delivery applications. Angiogenesis is the development of new vessels that support embryonic up growth and critically modulate many biological processes through adulthood. The inhibition of angiogenesis causes regression of development and metastasis of malign tumours. In this study we aim to examine the effects of AuNPs on angiogenesis in an in vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Methods: We applied 20 mL concentrations of AuNPs solution to 24 eggs of the CAM on the fifth day. After then, we evaluated results macroscopically on the 6th and 7th days. Results: In our study, we observed that AuNPs induced angiogenesis. Conclusion: We suggest that AuNPs may not be ideal nanoparticles to make biosensors due to increasing angiogenesis during the course of cancers.Publication Open Access The Effect of Vitamin D3 on Skeletal Muscle in Rat after Ischemia Reperfusion Injury: Preliminary Report(2020-07-01T00:00:00Z) Kelahmetoğlu, Osman; Tok, Enis Olgu; Özer, Ömer Faruk; Yeniocak, Ali; Yağmur, Çağlayan; Eşrefoğlu, Mukaddes; Koçyiğit, Abdürrahim; Yıldız, Kemalettin; Güneren, Ethem; KELAHMETOĞLU, OSMAN; ÖZER, ÖMER FARUK; YENİOCAK, ALİ; EŞREFOĞLU, MUKADDES; KOÇYİĞİT, ABDÜRRAHİM; YILDIZ, KEMALETTİN; GÜNEREN, ETHEMObjective: Vitamin D is a vitamin that has gained popularity in recent years and has an anti-inflammatory and immunmodular effect. In the literature review we conducted, there was no study investigating the effect of vitamin D to prevent ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury in skeletal muscle. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D on skeletal muscle in I/R injury. Methods: Six rats were used in each group including ischemia group (group I) and experimental group (group D given vitamin D). In the histopathological examination, inflammation and apoptosis levels were studied in gastrocnemius muscle. In biochemical analysis, total oxidative stress and total antioxidant and catalase levels were evaluated in anterior tibialis muscle. Results: The number of apoptotic cells in group D were found significantly lower than group I. In the terms of total antioxidants and catalase levels, there were significant difference between group D and group I. Conclusion: Our results support the hypothesis that vitamin D is an agent that can be used to prevent I/R injury.Publication Open Access Investigation of the Effects of Isotretinoin on Spermatogenesis in Balb/c Mice(2020-07-01T00:00:00Z) Kumas, Meltem; EŞREFOĞLU, MUKADDES; EŞREFOĞLU, MUKADDESObjective: It was aimed to investigate the effect of isotretinoin (ISR), a retinoid derivative of vitamin A, on spermatogenesis via follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone levels. Methods: Twelve male Balb/c mice were divided into two groups: Control and ISR groups. FSH, LH and testosterone levels were biochemically determined by ELISA assay. All statistical analyses were made with SPSS 20.0 (IBM, New York, USA) and graphics were prepared with Graph Pad Prism Version 6.01 (USA). The parametric Student's t-test was applied for comparison among groups. A p value <= 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Results: Mean FSH, LH and testosterone levels were increased in the ISR group when compared to those of control group. The increases in all hormone levels were found statistically significant between the two groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The increase in serum levels of FSH, LH and testosterone of the ISR group compared to the control group suggests that a dose of 40 mg/kg of ISR may have stimulant effect on spermatogenesis.