Ersoz, CevperDogan, BayramIlktac, ABDULLAHKalkan, SenadDanacioglu, Yavuz OnurSilay, Mesrur Selcuk2021-01-232021-01-232021-01-21Ersoz C., Ilktac A., Dogan B., Kalkan S., Danacioglu Y. O. , Silay M. S. , -The optimal settings of holmium YAG laser in treatment of pediatric urolithiasis.-, Lasers in medical science, 2021http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12645/28144https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33479867/The aim of this study is to present our experience on the use of the holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser in pediatric patients for pediatric urolithiasis and describe the optimal settings. A total of 116 children who underwent urolithiasis treatment (percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), ureterorenoscopy (URS), retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS)) were included. The mean age of the patients was 8.4 ± 5.2 years (1-18). The mean follow-up was 26 ± 8.8 months (9-45). There was no difference between the mean stone sizes of PNL and RIRS patients (p = 0.816). Operations were performed with 200, 272, and 365-μm fibers. In mini-URS, stone fragmentation was achieved with the energy settings set between 0.5 and 1 J and frequency set to > 8 Hz. In RIRS, fragmentation was achieved with the setting of 0.5-0.8 J at 10-20 Hz. Stone fragmentation was performed with energy settings of 0.8 to 2 J between 5 and 15 Hz for PNL. There was no significant difference between the stone-free rates of the PNL and RIRS (p = 0.150). Four postoperative complications occurred (Clavien II), which included febrile urinary infections in two patients who underwent mini-URS, one patient who underwent PNL, and one patient who underwent RIRS. Our results confirmed that Ho-YAG laser can be effectively used in children for stone treatment by using low-energy high-frequency settings for URS and RIRS and a high energy setting for PNL.Holmium laserLaser settingsPediatric urologyStone diseaseArticle10.1007/s10103-021-03251-y33479867