Goal:
02 - Açlığa Son

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AMAÇ 2: AÇLIĞA SON Son 20 yılda hızlı ekonomik büyüme ve tarımsal verimlilikteki artış, yetersiz beslenen insanların sayısında yarıdan fazla azalma sağlamıştır. Eskiden kıtlık ve açlık çeken gelişmekte olan ülkelerin çoğu, en korunmasız kitlelerin beslenme ihtiyaçlarını artık karşılayabiliyor. Orta ve Doğu Asya, Latin Amerika ve Karayipler’de, aşırı açlığın ortadan kaldırılmasında büyük ilerleme kaydedilmiştir. Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları, 2030 yılına kadar açlık ve yetersiz beslenmenin her biçimini sona erdirmeyi, başta çocuklar olmak üzere tüm insanların yıl boyunca yeterli besine sahip olmasını hedefliyor. Amaçlar, küçük çiftçilerin desteklenmesi ve arazi, teknoloji ve piyasalara eşit erişimlerini destekleyen sürdürülebilir tarım uygulamalarının teşvik edilmesini kapsıyor. Aynı zamanda, tarımda verimliliği artırmak için altyapı ve teknolojiye yatırım yapılması alanında uluslararası işbirliğini gerektiriyor. Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları kapsamında konulan diğer hedeflerle birlikte, 2030 yılına kadar açlığı ortadan kaldırabiliriz.

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    BENIGN ESOPHAGEAL STRICTURES
    (Akademisyen Kitabevi, 2021-09-01) Akdemir O. C.; Soysal Ö.; AKDEMİR, OSMAN CEMİL
    An esophageal stricture refers to the abnormal narrowing of the esophageal lumen. It often presents as dysphagia commonly described by patients as difficulty in swallowing. It is a serious sequela to many different disease processes and underlying etiologies. Benign means that it is not caused by cancer of the esophagus, and subjects to inflammation, esophagitis, and scar tissue, which causes the esophagus to narrow. Its recognition and management should be prompt.These strictures have a negative impact on the quality of life of patients, mainly because of dysphagia and may lead to severe complications, such as malnutrition, weight loss and aspiration. Endoscopic dilation with bougies or balloons is initial standard treatment for such lesions.Esophagectomy is rarely needed for benign conditions. Usually reserved for end-stage disease, when the esophagus is either severely non-functional or when quality of life is very poor. In these circumstances esophagectomy is a good option to consider and it is associated with encouraging success rates and improved quality of life. Depending on the specific disease leading to organ failure, peculiar technical issues should be carefully evaluated in order to avoid complications and optimize results
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    Hedonik Açlık ve İlişkili Hastalıklar
    (2022-03-15T00:00:00Z) Özüpek, Beyza Nihal; Güneş Bayır, Ayşe; GÜNEŞ BAYIR, AYŞE
    Hunger is a feeling that often brings with it the desire to eat when there is a need for energy. However, hedonic hunger is the situation of consuming food for the pleasure that will be provided by the consumption of delicious foods when there is no need for energy. Some scales have been developed to evaluate the hedonic hunger status and the factors affecting hedonic hunger. These scales are called the nutrient power scale and the motivation scale to consume delicious foods. An increase in scores on these scales is accepted as an indicator of susceptibility to hedonic hunger. Studies have shown that gender, age, body mass index, presence of delicious foods, sleep disturbance and physical activity affect hedonic hunger. Increasing hedonic hunger status along with these factors may be the reason for the increase in the prevalences of obesity, diabetes and eating disorder diseases. The main purpose of this study is to explain hedonic hunger and to reveal the relationship of hedonic hunger with obesity, diabetes and eating disorder diseases.
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    What is the Optimal Body Mass Index Range for Older Adults?
    (2022-03-01T00:00:00Z) Kıskaç, Muharrem; Soysal, PINAR; Smith, Lee; Capar, Emre; Zorlu, Mehmet; SOYSAL, PINAR
    Background: Obesity is pathophysiologically complex in older adults compared to that in young and middle-aged adults. The aim of the present study was to determine the appropriate body mass index (BMI) range based on geriatric evaluation parameters in which complications can be minimized in older adults. Methods: A total of 1,051 older adult patients who underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment were included. The patients’ demographic characteristics, comorbid diseases, number of drugs, BMI, basic and instrumental activities of daily living (BADL and IADL), Tinetti balance and walking scale, Mini Nutritional Assessment, Geriatric Depression Scale-15, Mini-Mental State Examination, Time Up and Go test, and handgrip strength measurement were extracted from patient records. Results: Of the patients who took part, 73% were female, and the mean age was 77.22±7.10 years. The most negative results were observed in those with a BMI <25 kg/m2 and in those with a BMI >35 kg/m2 . Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of the optimum BMI cutoff levels to detect the desirable values of geriatric assessment parameters was found to be 31–32 and 27–28 kg/m2 for female and male, respectively. Conclusion: Older adults with BMI <25 and >35 kg/m2 were at a higher risk of a decrease in functional capacity, and experienced gait and balance problems, fall risk, decrease in muscle strength, and malnutrition. Data from this study suggest that the optimum range of BMI levels for older adults is 31–32 and 27–28 kg/m2 for female and male, respectively.
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    A Catalyst for Social Economy: Society 5.0
    (Istanbul University Publication, 2023-02-01) Toker K.; TOKER, KEREM
    As our planet moves towards the middle of the 21st century, it faces a dizzying digital transformation process. This transformation brings along with it unique and innovative solutions to numerous social, organizational, and managerial issues. The most tangible of these solutions so far is the vision of Society 5.0 announced by the Japanese government in 2016. Within this scope, the purpose of this chapter is to develop conceptual insight into the reasons for the emergence, components, and goals of Society 5.0. Up-to-date research and current reports on the topic have been examined in this context, and a conceptual framework is formed. The findings show that many digital tools of Society 5.0 are already used in economies, but policymakers discuss these tools’ human-centered reuse. As a result, a positive futuristic perspective has been drawn that humanity will continue its life on a more habitable planet for decades to come and unite digital and physical space. Keywords: Society 5.0, Social Economy, Digital Transformation
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    Correlation of Body Composition Analysis with Anthropometric Measurements in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
    (2022-01-01T00:00:00Z) ARTAN, AYŞE SERRA; GÜRSU, Meltem; ELÇİOĞLU, Ömer Celal; YABACI TAK, AYŞEGÜL; KAZANCIOĞLU, Rümeyza; ARTAN, AYŞE SERRA; GÜRSU, MELTEM; ELÇİOĞLU, ÖMER CELAL; YABACI TAK, AYŞEGÜL; KAZANCIOĞLU, RÜMEYZA
    Objective: This study investigates correlations between different methods for diagnosis of protein energy malnutrition (PEM) in peritoneal dialysis patients. Methods: Twenty four patients were included. Patients with amputations, infections, peritonitis, malignancies and PD duration less than three months were excluded. Physical examination findings, laboratory results and anthropometric measurements were recorded. Body composition analysis was performed with multi-frequency bioimpedance analyzer. Dialysis malnutrition score (DMS) was calculated. The correlations of different parameters were searched. Results: Eleven patients were female and 13 patients were male. Mean age was 58.9±12.6 years. Median dialysis duration was 25 (interquartile range: 14) months. Protein percentage was negatively correlated with fat percentage (r=-0.785; p<0.001), triceps skinfold thickness (SFT) (r=-0.641; p<0.001), biceps SFT (r=-0.685; p<0.001), body mass index (BMI) (r=-0.867; p<0.001), mid-arm circumference (r=-0.680; p=0.001). Fat percentage was positively correlated with BMI (r=0.780; p<0.001), biceps SFT (r=0.817; p<0.001), triceps SFT (r=0.901; p<0.001) and mid-arm circumference (r=0.558; p=0.005) Albumin was negatively correlated with DMS (r= -0.439; p=0.032). DMS and albumin were not correlated with bioimpedance and anthropometry Conclusion: Albumin is a marker of PEM in PD patients. Malnutrition scores may be used as adjunct methods. Increase in fat mass and percentage may influence the interpretation of anthropometric measurements.
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    Physical multimorbidity and depression: A mediation analysis of influential factors among 34,129 adults aged ≥50 years from low- and middle-income countries.
    (2022-03-21T00:00:00Z) Smith, Lee; Shin, Jae Il; Butler, Laurie; Barnett, Yvonne; Oh, Hans; Jacob, Louis; Kostev, Karel; Veronese, Nicola; Soysal, PINAR; Tully, Mark; López Sánchez, Guillermo F; Koyanagi, Ai; SOYSAL, PINAR
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    Associations between nutritional factors and excessive daytime sleepiness in older patients with chronic kidney disease.
    (2021-08-27T00:00:00Z) Heybeli, Cihan; Soysal, PINAR; Oktan, Mehmet Asi; Smith, Lee; Çelik, Ali; SOYSAL, PINAR; KAZANCIOĞLU, RÜMEYZA